Home Articles List Article Information
Iranian Journal of Neonatology IJN
Journal Archive
Volume Volume 10 (2019)
Volume Volume 9 (2018)
Volume Volume 8 (2017-2018)
Volume Volume 7 (2016-2017)
Volume Volume 6 (2015-2016)
Volume Volume 5 (2014-2015)
Volume Volume 4 (2013-2014)
Volume Volume 3 (2012)
Volume Volume 2 (2011)
Volume Volume 1 (2010)
Iranian Journal of
Neonatology
Rejection Rate 36.96%
Average time to first decision (days) 93.58

SCImago Journal & Country Rank
Oteikwu Ochigbo, S., Ibanga, A., Uzomba, I. (2016). Prevalence of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A 3-Year Review. Iranian Journal of Neonatology IJN, 7(3), 1-4. doi: 10.22038/ijn.2016.7646
Sunny Oteikwu Ochigbo; Affiong Ibanga; Ikechukwu Uzomba. "Prevalence of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A 3-Year Review". Iranian Journal of Neonatology IJN, 7, 3, 2016, 1-4. doi: 10.22038/ijn.2016.7646
Oteikwu Ochigbo, S., Ibanga, A., Uzomba, I. (2016). 'Prevalence of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A 3-Year Review', Iranian Journal of Neonatology IJN, 7(3), pp. 1-4. doi: 10.22038/ijn.2016.7646
Oteikwu Ochigbo, S., Ibanga, A., Uzomba, I. Prevalence of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A 3-Year Review. Iranian Journal of Neonatology IJN, 2016; 7(3): 1-4. doi: 10.22038/ijn.2016.7646

Prevalence of Ophthalmia Neonatorum in Calabar, South-South Nigeria: A 3-Year Review

Article 1, Volume 7, Issue 3, Autumn 2016, Page 1-4  XML PDF (765.43 K)
Document Type: Original Article
DOI: 10.22038/ijn.2016.7646
Authors
Sunny Oteikwu Ochigbo* 1; Affiong Ibanga2; Ikechukwu Uzomba3
1Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
3Department of Paediatrics, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Abstract
Background: Ophthalmia neonatorum (ON) also known as neonatal conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by aseptic or septic factors. It commonly affects newborns usually within the first month of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic characteristics of ON in Calabar, Nigeria.
Methods: We retrieved all the clinical case notes with diagnosis of ON from the Neonatal Unit of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria, during 1st January 2012-31st December, 2014. The extracted information included age at presentation, gender, socio-demographic characteristics, conducted investigations, treatment, and outcome. Data was analyzed using SPSS, version 20.
Results: Out of a total of 3198 admissions, 34 (1.1%) had ON, most of whom were females (58.8%), and 21(61.8%) of the cases were admitted to the out-born neonatal unit. Eye swabs were taken from only 18 (52.9%) cases for microscopy, culture, and sensitivity prior to antibiotics initiation, from which no organism was isolated. Parents of the studied neonates were mainly from low and middle socioeconomic classes.
Conclusion: Determination of organisms responsible for ON is of paramount importance. Therefore, hospital delivery and maternal education on this condition should be considered as priorities. In addition, clinicians are suggested to take regular eye swabs for microbiological investigations prior to initiation of treatment.
Keywords
blindness; Neonates; Opthalmia neonatorum
References
  1. Teoh DL, Reynolds S. Diagnosis and management of pediatric conjunctivitis. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2003; 19(1):48–55.
  2. Wagner RS, Aquino M. Pediatric ocular inflammation. Immun Allergy Clin North Am. 2008; 28(1):169–88.
  3. Pascolini D, Mariotti SP. Global estimates of visual impairment: 2010. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011; 10:1-15.
  4. Steinkuller PG, Du L, Gilbert C, Foster A, Collins ML, Coats DK. Childhood blindness. J AAPOS. 1999; 3(1):26-32.
  5. Gul SS, Jamal M, Khan N. Ophthalmia neonatorum. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2010; 20(9):595-8.
  6. Laga M, Plummer FA, Nzanze H, Namaara W, Brunham RC, Ndinya-Achola JO, et al. Epidemiology of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kenya. Lancet. 1986; 2(8516):1145-9.
  7. Pickering LK. Red book 2009 report of the committee on infectious diseases. 28th ed. Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009. P. 305-13.
  8. Prevention of neonatal ophthalmia. In: Pickering LK, editor. Red book 2009 report of the committee on infectious diseases. 28th ed. Elk Grove Village: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009. P. 827-9.
  9. 9.     Palafox SK, Jasper S, Allyson D, Foster S. Ophthalmia neonatorum. J Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012; 2(1):100-19.
10. Magulike NC, Ezepue UF. Corneal diseases and childhood blindness. A retrospective hospital based study. Niger J Ophthal Mology. 1993; 2(1):75-9.

  1. 11.  Iyamu E, Enabulele O. A survey on opthalmia neonatorum in Benin City, Nigeria (Emphasis on gonoccocal opthalmia). Online J Health Allied Sci. 2003; 2(2):1-6.
12. Chhabra MS, Motley WW 3rd, Mortensen JE. Eikenella corrodens as a causative agent for neonatal conjunctivitis. J AAPOS. 2008; 12(5):524-5.

13. Udo JJ, Anah MU, Ochigbo SO, Etuk IS, Ekanem AD. Neonatal morbidity and mortality in Calabar, Nigeria: a hospital-based study. Niger J Clin Pract. 2008; 11(3):285-9.

14. Oyedeji GA. Socioeconomic and cultural background of hospitalized children in Ilesa. Nig J Paediatr. 1985; 12(4):111-7.

15. Hossein SM, Fariba S, Zhaleh R, Afshin B, Hooshangh AA, Naser B, et al. The prevalence and etiology of ophthalmia neonatorum among hospital-born babies in Tehran, Iran. J Compreh Paediatr. 2007; 1(2):49-53.

16. Dannevig L, Straume B, Melby K. Ophthalmia neonatorum in Northern Norway. I: Epidemiology and risk factors. Acta Ophthalmol. 1992; 70(1):14-8.

17. Mohammed A, Mustafa A, Ihesiulor U. Maternal risk factors for neonatal conjunctivitis in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Niger J Basic Clin Sci. 2013; 10(2):60-5.

18. Adeyantso EA. Bacterial agents and risk factors of ophthalmia neonatorum at Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Kaduna. (Dissertation). Nigeria: Faculty of Pediatrics West African College of Physicians; 2004.

19. Olatunji FO. A case control study of ophthalmia neonatorum in Kaduna II: causative agents and their antibiotic sensitivity. West Afr J Med. 2004; 23(3):215-20.

20. Isenberg SJ, Apt L, Wood M. The influence of perinatal infective factors on ophthalmia neonatorum. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1996; 33(3):185-8.

  1. 21.  Pandey KK, Bhat BV, Kanungo R, Srinivasan S, Rao RS. Clinico-bacteriological study of neonatal conjunctivitis. Indian J Pediatr. 1990; 57(4):527-31.
22. Fransen L, Nsanze H, Klauss V, Van der Stuyft P, D'Costa L, Brunham RC, et al. Ophthalmia neonatorum in Nairobi Kenya: the roles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. J Infect Dis. 1986; 153(5):862-9.

  1. 23.  Department of Health & Human Services. Morbidity and Mortality weekly Report (MMWR). Centre Dis Cont Prev. 2013; 61(51-52):1033-52.
24. Ibhanesebhor SE, Otobo ES. In vitro, activity of human milk against the causative organisms of ophthalmia neonatorum in Benin City, Nigeria. J Trop Pediatr. 1996; 42(6):327–9.

Statistics
Article View: 1,320
PDF Download: 1,123