Disease Outcome and Associated Factors among Neonates Admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Southwest Ethiopia

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

2 School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Neonatal period is a susceptible time in which the newborn has to adapt to a new environment and is vulnerable to many problems. This study aimed to assess the disease outcome and associated factors among neonates.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15, 2018, to March 30, 2018, on neonates (n=341) admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit for two years. The systematic sampling technique was employed to perform the sampling. The data were entered the Epi-data (version 3.1) and analyzed in SPSS software (version 23). A p-value less than 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant. Finally, statements, tables, charts, and graphs were used for data presentation.
Results: Regarding the outcome, 81.52% of the admitted neonates were improved and the others (18.48%) died. Prematurity and perinatal asphyxia (PNA) were factors associated with increased risk of death (P<0.001, Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) =0.26, 95% CI: [0.14, 0.46]) and (P<0.05, AOR=0.44, 95% CI: [0.21, 0.91]), respectively.
Conclusion: Prematurity, PNA, and place of delivery (i.e., outborn) were predictors of death. Therefore, the adequate resource should be put in place to improve neonatal outcomes.

Keywords


1. Waldemar A. Overview of mortality and morbidity.
20th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2016.
2. Baghel B, Sahu A, Vishwanadham K. Pattern of admission and outcome of neonates in a NICU of Tribal Region Bastar, India. Congen Anomal. 2016; 2(6):147-50.
3. Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2010; 375(9730):1969-87.
4. Registrar General. Annual family health survey: sample, registration system, New Delhi. India: Registrar General; 2011.
5. Beck S, Wojdyla D, Say L, Betran AP, Merialdi M, Requejo JH, et al. The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: a systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity. Bull World Health Organ. 2010; 88:31-8.
6. Lawn JE, Gravett MG, Nunes TM, Rubens CE, Stanton C; GAPPS Review Group. Global report on preterm birth and stillbirth (1 of 7): definitions, description of the burden and opportunities to improve data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010; 10(Suppl 1):S1.
7. Ike Elizabeth U, Modupe OO. Pattern of diseases and care outcomes of neonates admitted in special care baby unit of University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from 2007 to 2011. J Nurs Health Sci. 2015; 4(1):62-71.
8. Belizán JM, McClure EM, Goudar SS, Pasha O, Esamai F, Patel A, et al. Neonatal death in low-to middle-income countries: a global network study. Am J Perinatol. 2012; 29(8):649-56.
9. Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Oza S, You D, Lee AC, Waiswa P, et al. Every Newborn: progress, priorities, and potential beyond survival. Lancet. 2014; 384(9938): 189-205.
10. UNICEF. Maternal, newborn and child survival, country profile. Ethiopia, statistics and monitoring section/policy and practice. New York: UNICEF; 2012.
11. Requejo J, Bryce J, Victora C, Deixel A, Barros A, Bhutta Z. Fulfilling the health agenda for women and children: the 2014 report. Geneva: United Nations Children’s Fund and World Health Organization; 2014.
12. Oza S, Lawn JE, Hogan DR, Mathers C, Cousens SN. Neonatal cause-of-death estimates for the early and late neonatal periods for 194 countries: 2000–2013. Bull World Health Organ. 2014; 93:19-28.
13. Osborn D, Cutter A, Ullah F. Universal sustainable development goals. Understanding the transfor-mational challenge for developed countries. London: Stakeholder Forum for a Sustainable Future; 2015.
14. Ganatra H, Zaidi K. Neonatal infections in the developing world. Semin Perinatol. 2010; 34(6):416.
15. Darmstadt GL, Kinney MV, Chopra M, Cousens S, Kak L, Paul VK, et al. Who has been caring for the baby? Lancet. 2014; 384(9938):174-88.
16. Walana W, Acquah Ekuban KS, Abdul-Mumin A, Naafu B, Aruk E. Pattern, causes and treatment outcomes of neonatal admission in the Tamale 
teaching hospital. Clin Mother Child Health. 2016; 13(252):2.
17. Ali SR, Ahmed S, Lohana H. Disease patterns and outcomes of neonatal admissions at a secondary care hospital in Pakistan. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2013; 13(3):424-8.
18. Hoque M, Haaq S, Islam R. Causes of neonatal admissions and deaths at a rural hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. South Afr J Epidemiol Infect. 2011; 26(1):26-9.
19. Tekleab AM, Amaru GM, Tefera YA. Reasons for admission and neonatal outcome in the neonatal care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Addis Ababa: a prospective study. Res Rep Neonatol. 2016; 6:17-23.
20. Mihaylova A, Uchicova E, Parahuleva N, Parahuleva M. Prevention of hyaline membrane disease (HMD)
in preterm infants. World J Pharmacy Pharm Sci. 2016; 5:9-16.
21. Sivasubramaniam PG, Quinn CE, Blevins M, Al Hajajra A, Khuri-Bulos N, Faouri S, et al. Neonatal outcomes of infants admitted to a large government hospital in Amman, Jordan. Global J Health Sci. 2015; 7(4):217.
22. Koum D, Essomba N, Odile N, Ngwe I, Ndanga M, Ndombo PK, et al. Factors associated with early neonatal morbidity and mortality in an urban district hospital. Int J Latest Res Sci Technol. 2015; 5(3):9-43.
23. Siva Saranappa SB, Madhu GN, Singh R. A study of disease pattern and outcome of newborns admitted to NICU in a tertiary care hospital. J Evolut Med Dent Sci. 2014; 3(5):1113-9.