Objective: Seizure is a common phenomenon during infancy .This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of neonatal seizures in newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Fatemieh Research and Training Center in Hamadan, Iran, between 2016 and 2020.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on neonates with seizures admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Necessary information were extracted from the patients' records. The collected data were statistically analyzed in SPSS software (version 16).

Results: In this study, 64 (57.7%) of 111 patients were male. Most seizures (67.5%) occurred in the first week of birth. The most common causes of seizures in infants were reported to be hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (43.2%), hypoglycemia (10.8%), and intracerebral hemorrhage (6.3%). The most prevalent type of seizures was subtle with a frequency of 59 (57.7%). Most of the neonates were term (61.3%), had a cesarean delivery (54.1%), and had a normal birth weight (67.6%). It was found that 58.6% of the patients had abnormal electroencephalogram, 12.6% had abnormal brain ultrasound, and 18% had abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, 13 (11.7%) neonates passed away, 34 (30.6%) newborns were fully recovered, and 64 (57.7%) infants were discharged with the continued use of anticonvulsant medications.

Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that most seizures occurred in the first days of life and in male infants. The most common types was subtle seizures and the most common causes of seizures were hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,hypoglycemia,and cerebral hemorrhage, respectively.