<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
			<journal>
			<title>Iranian Journal of Neonatology</title>
			<title_fa>مجله نوزادان ایران</title_fa>
			<short_title>IJN</short_title>
			<subject>Medical Sciences</subject>
			<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/</web_url>
			<journal_hbi_system_id>0</journal_hbi_system_id>
			<journal_hbi_system_user></journal_hbi_system_user>
			<journal_id_issn>2251-7510</journal_id_issn>
			<journal_id_issn_online>2322-2158</journal_id_issn_online>
			<journal_id_pii></journal_id_pii>
			<journal_id_doi></journal_id_doi>
			<journal_id_iranmedex></journal_id_iranmedex>
			<journal_id_magiran></journal_id_magiran>
			<journal_id_sid></journal_id_sid>
			<journal_id_nlai></journal_id_nlai>
			<journal_id_science></journal_id_science>
			<language>en</language>
			<pubdate>
				<type>jalali</type>
				<year>0</year>
				<month>0</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<pubdate>
				<type>gregorian</type>
				<year>2026</year>
				<month>4</month>
				<day>1</day>
			</pubdate>
			<volume>17</volume>
			<number>2</number>
			<publish_type>online</publish_type>
			<publish_edition>1</publish_edition>
			<article_type>fulltext</article_type>
			<articleset><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Fetal Hydronephrosis in the Second and Third Trimester of Pregnancy and Six Months Follow-up after Birth: Letter to the Editor</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>نامه به سردبیر</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>letter to the Editor</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[We read with great interest the above original article by Zahra Shafizadeh et al. published in the IJN about antenatal hydronephrosis. We think it is very valuable, and the investigation is appropriate and convincing.
The causes of fetal hydronephrosis include idiopathic, VUR, UPJO, UVJO, PUV, and ureterocele, and 5%–15% of infants with antenatal hydronephrosis have VUR (1).
Infant follow-up is usually recommended only if the diameter of the pelvis of the fetal kidney is greater than a certain cutoff (e.g., 7 or 10 mm) at or beyond 34 weeks. If the measurement is less, most of them are considered physiologic or normal (2).
There are some points worth discussing in this study.
First: In this study, the causes of hydronephrosis were reported as idiopathic, polycystic kidney disease, PUV, VUR, and UVJO (3). It seems that polycystic kidney disease (PCKD) is not a cause of fetal hydronephrosis, and there is a weak possibility of the two co-occurring. On the other hand, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease occurs in 1 in 800 live births, and autosomal recessive PCKD is much rarer, with an incidence of 1 in 20,000 live births. Therefore, the possibility that we have two patients with PCKD and hydronephrosis in this study is weak (4).
Second: In this study, adverse outcomes from fetal hydronephrosis included the need for surgery, initiation of antibiotic prophylaxis, failure to improve hydronephrosis after 6 months, and death (3). It is not known whether the death was related to hydronephrosis because mortality from hydronephrosis is rare, except in cases of Potter syndrome. It is normal for moderate and severe hydronephrosis to last more than 6 months and to decrease with age and especially with the height of children, and this is not considered an adverse outcome.
Third: In this study, the reasons for the difference in spontaneous recovery rates of fetal hydronephrosis included inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample classification, and the infants&#039; follow-up time (3). However, it seems that the duration of follow-up and differences in the causes of secondary hydronephrosis, including VUR, PUV, and UPJO, could be the reason for this difference in various studies.
Fourth: One of the main symptoms of severe kidney diseases is oligohydramnios, which is seen in cases of severe PUV, bilateral kidney dysplasia, and Potter syndrome. The combination of fetal hydronephrosis with oligohydramnios indicates a poor prognosis.]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Fetal Hydronephrosis, Follow up, Letter to editor</keyword>
				<start_page>1</start_page>
				<end_page>2</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_27384.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Aghil</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Keykhosravi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>drakeykhosravi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120292</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Khorasan Razavi, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mahboubeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Neamatshahi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mahneamatshahi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120293</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Khorasan Razavi, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>The Effect of Probiotics on Milk Tolerance and Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Infants Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnurd, Iran, in 2021-2022</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>تحقیقی اصیل</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in infants. If not treated promptly, it can progress to necrosis, rupture, peritonitis, sepsis, and death. Therefore, the use of probiotics can have health benefits.
Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 86 premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Bentolhoda Hospital in Bojnurd, Iran, in 2021-2022. In this study, premature infants were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. In the intervention group, after the infant&#039;s feeding volume reached 5 cc per kilogram of body weight per day, oral probiotics at a dose of one drop per kilogram of body weight, diluted with normal saline to a volume of 0.5 cc, were administered every 12 hours for 3 weeks.
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of variables such as weight at admission, weight at discharge, length at discharge, and head circumference at discharge. However, a statistically significant difference was observed in terms of the difference in weight between admission and discharge, as well as the duration of hospital stay. The average difference in weight between admission and discharge in the intervention group was approximately 90 grams greater than that in the control group. Also, the average duration of hospital stay in the intervention group was approximately 8 days less than that in the control group.
Conclusion: The use of probiotics in premature infants prevents necrotizing enterocolitis and shortens the time to reach full enteral feeding and the duration of hospital stay.
 ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>enterocolitis, Infant, Milk tolerance, Necrotizing, Premature, Probiotics</keyword>
				<start_page>3</start_page>
				<end_page>12</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_27383.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Ghasem</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Bayani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ghasembayani@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120287</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hojatollah</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ehteshammanesh</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>hojatollahehteshammanesh@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120288</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Shahin</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mafinejad</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shahinmafinejad@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120289</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Fateme</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>kamali</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>fatemekamali@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120290</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mona</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Akbarian Sanavi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>shahrambaraz@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120291</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Retinopathy of Prematurity: Correlating Neonatal Risk Factors with Disease Severity in a Tertiary Referral Center in Shiraz, Iran</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>تحقیقی اصیل</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a preventable cause of blindness in children. This study evaluated the risk factors for ROP in preterm and at-risk neonates.
Methods: This descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted at Namazi and Hafez hospitals from April 2020 to March 2021. A sample size of 183 neonates was calculated based on previous studies. Data on demographic and clinical factors, including gestational age, birth weight, sepsis, respiratory support, packed cell transfusion, hypotension, Apgar score, and hypoglycemia, were collected from hospital records. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS, employing chi-square and logistic regression tests, with a significance level set at P &lt; 0.05.
Results: The mean birth weight was 1444.9 ± 335.59 grams, and the mean gestational age was 31.01 ± 2.36 weeks. Lower gestational age and birth weight were significantly associated with ROP (P &lt; 0.001). Among infants with a gestational age of less than 34 weeks, ROP severity was significantly associated with blood transfusion (P &lt; 0.001), sepsis (P = 0.003 for zone, P = 0.03 for stage), and severe hypoglycemia (P &lt; 0.001 for zone, P = 0.03 for stage). In infants born at or after 34 weeks, blood transfusion was the primary factor associated with ROP severity (P = 0.018 for zone).
Conclusion: Our study identified lower gestational age, birth weight, blood transfusion, sepsis, and hypoglycemia as significant risk factors for ROP severity in neonates under 34 weeks of gestation. The findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and management of these risk factors to prevent the progression of ROP.
 ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Blood transfusion, Premature birth, Retinopathy of prematurity, Sepsis</keyword>
				<start_page>13</start_page>
				<end_page>20</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_27381.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mahsa</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Rouhafshari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rouhafsharim@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120279</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hamide</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Barzegar</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>hamide.barzegar@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120280</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Zahra</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Hashemi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>z_hashemi@sums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>120281</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Roya</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Oboodi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>oboodidp@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120282</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Neonatal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mahdi</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Khazaei</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mmrkh7173@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120283</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Fateme</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Ziyaee</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>ziyaeefateme@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120284</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Prevalence and Associated Factors of Premature Birth at Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children: A Cross-sectional Study</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>تحقیقی اصیل</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Prematurity poses a significant health concern, and it is crucial to identify the factors associated with it in order to reduce the burden on neonatal care units and prevent associated mortality. To determine the prevalence of premature delivery and identify the associated risk factors at Alramadi Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children. The study included all live births that were at least 20 weeks into gestation, while excluding stillbirths and cases where information on gestation length was missing. Checklist was used to collect the necessary information. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the risk factors.
Results: This study involved 1327 neonates, of which 204 were preterm, resulting in a prevalence of preterm delivery of 15.4%. By using logistic regression to analyze the associated variables, the study found that mothers under the age of 25 had a significant impact with an odds ratio of 4.2. Additionally, a history of prematurity was found to be significant with an odds ratio of 5.71, multiple pregnancies were also significantly associated with an odds ratio of 7.22, and complications during pregnancy showed significance with an odds ratio of 6.41.
Conclusion: The prevalence of prematurity at Ramadi Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children in Anbar, Iraq, is 15.4%. The most associated risk factors were identified as younger maternal age, maternal history of prematurity, multiple pregnancy, and complications during pregnancy.
 ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>neonate, Ramadi city, Risk factors, Prematurity, Prevalence</keyword>
				<start_page>21</start_page>
				<end_page>28</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_27382.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Rana</first_name>
				<middle_name>F.</middle_name>
				<last_name>Shitran</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>rana.fahmi@uoanbar.edu.iq</email>
				<code>120285</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Al Anbar, Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Sabah</first_name>
				<middle_name>M.</middle_name>
				<last_name>Ali</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>sabahali2024@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120286</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Comparison of the Severity of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Manifestations in Newborns Exposed the Natural and Synthetic Opioids</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>تحقیقی اصیل</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: The study aimed to investigate the severity of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) complications in newborns (NBs)  in the eastern region of Iran.
Methods: The retrospective study was conducted among mothers and singleton live births between March 2022 and March 2023.
Results: Twenty-nine mothers (53.7%) used natural opioids (NO) and 25 (46.3%) synthetic opioids (SO). The highest number with the 20-30 age range. Of the NBs from the NO, 31.03% were before 37 weeks. In contrast, in the SO, 88% were before 37 weeks (p &lt; 0.05). In the NO, 89.65% weighed &lt; 2.5 kg. In contrast, 100% of those in the SO weighed &gt; 2.5 kg. In SO exhibited crying for &gt;10 minutes at a high. Additionally, SO had a high frequency of sleep (P&lt;0.05). The SO showed a high frequency of metabolic disorders (P&lt;0.05). The frequency of sneezing was high in the SO (P&lt;0.05). Nasal flaring was high in the SO (P&lt;0.05). Respiratory rate index, defined as more than 60 breaths per minute and retractions&gt; 60 breaths per minute, were high in the NO and SOs, respectively (P&lt;0.05). Excessive sucking and poor nutrition were high in the NO, and SO, respectively (P&lt;0.05). The regurgitation index (grade 3), and loose stools and watery stools were high in the SO (P &lt; 0.05).
Conclusion: The study highlighted the impact of the NB&#039;s gender and age at birth on the severity of the NAS symptoms, esprcially in SO group.
 ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Gastrointestinal Disorders, Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome, Nervous System Diseases, Opioids, pregnancy, Respiration Disorders</keyword>
				<start_page>29</start_page>
				<end_page>38</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_26228.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Khadijeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Saravani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>khadije.saravani1399@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>115143</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Zabol University of Medical Science, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Zakiyeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Jahantigh</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>jahantighzakiyeh@gmail.com</email>
				<code>115144</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Javad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Poursamimi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>javadpoursamimi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>115145</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>3.	Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
4.	Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Amirhosein</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Kamrava</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>dramirhoseinkamrava@gmail.com</email>
				<code>115146</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Student Research Committee, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Foroogh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Asli</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>forooghasli@gmail.com</email>
				<code>115147</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohamad Hasan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohamadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mh_mohammadi@zbmu.ac.ir</email>
				<code>115148</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Afsaneh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mirshekari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>afsanemir4@gmail.com</email>
				<code>115149</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Low Apgar Score and the Risk of Neonatal Acute Kidney Injury: Evidence from a Matched Retrospective Cohort Study</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>تحقیقی اصیل</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Original Article</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: The Apgar score is a widely used indicator for assessing newborn health immediately after birth. However, its predictive value for specific organ dysfunctions such as acute kidney injury (AKI) remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between low 5-minute Apgar scores and the risk of AKI in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods: In this retrospective matched cohort study conducted between 2022 and 2024 at Amir Al-Momenin Hospital, 80 neonates (40 with Apgar &lt;7 and 40 with Apgar ≥7) were enrolled. Neonates were matched 1:1 for gestational age and admission time. Serum creatinine was measured on days 1, 3, 5, and 7, and urine output was assessed on day 3 to diagnose AKI based on modified neonatal KDIGO criteria. Statistical analyses included the Chi-square test for categorical variables, Mann–Whitney U test for non-normally distributed continuous variables, and logistic regression analysis.
Results: Low 5-minute Apgar scores were associated with a significantly higher incidence of AKI (20% vs. 5%, P = 0.043), with a 6.3-fold increased risk (OR = 6.29, 95% CI: 1.04–37.90, P = 0.045). Gestational age between 28–32 weeks independently increased the risk of AKI (OR = 13.84, P = 0.027). Although day 1 serum creatinine was higher in the normal Apgar group (P = 0.002), no differences were observed afterward. Male sex and vaginal delivery were more common in the low Apgar group but were not associated with AKI in multivariable analysis.
Conclusion: A 5-minute Apgar score &lt;7 and gestational age between 28–32 weeks are significant risk factors for AKI in NICU neonates. These findings highlight the potential of using Apgar score and gestational age for early risk stratification and targeted monitoring.
 ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Acute kidney injury, Apgar score, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Neonates, Renal function </keyword>
				<start_page>39</start_page>
				<end_page>45</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_27385.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mehran</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Hesaraki</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mehranhesaraki2@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120294</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatric, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad Hassan</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mohammadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>dr.mohammadimh@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120296</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Science</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Khadijeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Saravani</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>dr.kh.saravani93@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120295</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Science</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mahdi</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Afshari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>afshari.m12@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120297</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research center, Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Malihe</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Node</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>malihenodeh88@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120298</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Amirhosein</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Kamrava</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>dramirhoseinkamrava@gmail.cpm</email>
				<code>120299</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Bilateral Palmar Single Transverse Crease in an Infant Girl with Ring Chromosome 13 and Multiple Facial Anomalies: A Case Report</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>گزارش موارد نادر</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Case Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Ring chromosome 13 is a rare cytogenetic disorder resulting from breakage and reunion of the distal ends of the chromosomal arms. The incidence of this disorder is about 1 in 58,000 live births. This syndrome usually presents with particular clinical features, including developmental delay, microcephaly, genital malformation in males, and dysmorphism, such as hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, thin lips, up-slanting palpebral fissure, and ear anomalies.
Case Report: We report a 2-month-old girl who was referred to a clinical geneticist because of growth retardation and distinctive facial features. Her parents were consanguineous (second-cousins). The patient had a history of IUGR and was the product of a normal delivery at 39 weeks of gestation. At presentation, hypotonia, microcephaly, micrognathia, low-set ears, bilateral palmar single transverse creases (simian creases), broad nasal bridge, and thin lips were observed.
Conclusion: The karyotype revealed the presence of mosaic ring chromosome 13. This is the first report of a case of ring chromosome 13 with bilateral palmar single transverse creases.
 ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Cytogenetic, Microcephaly, palmar single transverse crease, Ring chromosome 13, Simian crease</keyword>
				<start_page>46</start_page>
				<end_page>49</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_27380.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Mohammad</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Vasei</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mvasei@tums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>120275</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Alireza</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Biglari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>abiglari@sina.tums.ac.ir</email>
				<code>120276</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Moeinadin</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Safavi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>moein.safavi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120277</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetic Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Leila</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Mousavi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>leilamosavi1395@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120278</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Cytogenetic Division, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Mahboobeh</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Chahkandi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>mahboobehchahkandi@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120274</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Molecular and Cytogenetic Pathology, Pathology Department, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article><article>
				<language>en</language>
				<article_id_issn></article_id_issn>
				<article_id_issn_online></article_id_issn_online>
				<article_id_pubmed></article_id_pubmed>
				<article_id_pii></article_id_pii>
				<article_id_doi></article_id_doi>
				<article_id_iranmedex></article_id_iranmedex>
				<article_id_magiran></article_id_magiran>
				<article_id_sid></article_id_sid>
				<title_fa></title_fa>
				<title>Navigating the Challenges of Neonatal Type 2 CPAM: A Case Study of Successful Pneumonectomy and Intensive Care</title>
				<subject_fa></subject_fa>
				<subject></subject>
				<content_type_fa>گزارش موارد نادر</content_type_fa>
				<content_type>Case Report</content_type>
				<abstract_fa><![CDATA[]]></abstract_fa>
				<abstract><![CDATA[Background: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM) is a rare problem in the development of the fetal tracheobronchial tree. If it is not treated properly, it can cause serious illness and even death. This report documents and emphasizes the challenges associated with postnatal CPAM diagnosis, the risks of significant surgical intervention, and the importance of meticulous clinical management to achieve the best possible patient outcomes.
Case Report: This case report details the condition of a 14-day-old male neonate diagnosed with Type II CPAM, a collapsed area in his left lung, pneumonia, ASD, and VSD. The patient underwent surgery to remove his left lung on the 19th day after birth (5 days after admission). Chest tubes were placed after the operation. Although he experienced some complications after surgery, he gradually improved and was discharged 42 days after the surgery.
Conclusion: Early surgery for symptomatic CPAM can lead to good outcomes, even in the presence of serious complications. To achieve the best results, it is important to have a multidisciplinary team, robust infection control, and long-term follow-up, especially in places with limited resources.
 ]]></abstract>
				<keyword_fa></keyword_fa>
				<keyword>Congenital pulmonary airway malformation, CPAM, neonate, Resection Surgery, respiratory distress</keyword>
				<start_page>50</start_page>
				<end_page>58</end_page>
				<web_url>https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_27379.html</web_url>
			<author_list><author>
				<first_name>Masayu</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Amanda Ledika</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>masayu09001@mail.unpad.ac.id</email>
				<code>120268</code>
				<coreauthor>Yes</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Tetty</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Yuniaty</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>tetty_yusuf@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120269</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Aris</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Primadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>aris.primadi@yahoo.co.id</email>
				<code>120270</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Fiva</first_name>
				<middle_name>Apirilia</middle_name>
				<last_name>Kadi</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>fa_kadi@yahoo.com</email>
				<code>120271</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Hasrayati</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Agustina</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>hasrayatiagustina@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120272</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pathology Anatomy, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java 40161,</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author><author>
				<first_name>Citra</first_name>
				<middle_name></middle_name>
				<last_name>Yulia Sari</last_name>
				<suffix></suffix>
				<first_name_fa></first_name_fa>
				<middle_name_fa></middle_name_fa>
				<last_name_fa></last_name_fa>
				<suffix_fa></suffix_fa>
				<email>cyuliasari@gmail.com</email>
				<code>120273</code>
				<coreauthor>No</coreauthor>
				<affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, West Java 40161, Indonesia</affiliation>
				<affiliation_fa></affiliation_fa>
				 </author></author_list>
				</article>
			</articleset>
			</journal>