ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
MORTALITY WITHIN THE FIRST 24 HOURS OF ADMISSION AMONG NEONATES AGED LESS THAN 24 HOURS IN A SPECIAL CARE BABY UNIT (SCBU) IN NIGERIA: THE ROLE OF SIGNIFICANT HYPOTHERMIA AND HYPOGLYCAEMIA
Background: Neonatal deaths mostly occur within the first one week and first 24 hours of life from a variety of conditions. Objective: To examine the role of significant hypothermia and hypoglycaemia, in addition to some other factors, in neonatal mortality occurring within the first 24 hours of admission.Methods: A prospective study of newborn infants hospitalized within the first 24 hours of life in a Nigerian Special Care Baby Unit. The axillary temperature and serum glucose at the point of admission were recorded for consecutive admissions. Significant hypothermia (axillary temperature < 36C) and hypoglycaemia (random blood glucose < 40mg/dl) were related to the risk of death within the first 24 hours of admission using bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Out of 277 infants, 24.2% and 27.3% had significant hypothermia and hypoglycaemia respectively. The overall mortality rate was 21.6% (49/227); 38.8% (19/49) of the infants died within the first 24 hours of admission. The Case Fatality Rate (CFR) among infants with co-existing significant hypothermia and hypoglycaemia was 41.2% compared to 0.9% among infants with neither significant hypothermia nor hypoglycaemia. Death within the first 24 hours of admission was significantly associated with hypoglycaemia, significant hypothermia, asphyxia and apnea using both bivariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Deaths within the first 24 hours of admission, among infants admitted within the first 24 hours of life constituted close to 40% of all neonatal deaths in the present study with significant hypothermia and hypoglycaemia as major independent contributors.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_4240_5ae6370c7111f15b49caae4b86c51248.pdf
2015-03-01
1
7
10.22038/ijn.2015.4240
Early neonatal death
Neonatal hypoglycaemia
Neonatal hypothermia
Perinatal Mortality
Resource-poor setting
Tinuade
Ogunlesi
tinuade.ogunlesi@oouagoiwoye.edu.ng
1
Olabisi Onabanjo University
LEAD_AUTHOR
UNICEF. Levels and trends in child mortality report 2011. Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Groups for Child Mortality Estimation. Available from: www.childmortality.org .
1
Fetuga MB, Ogunlesi TA, Adekanmbi AF, Olanrewaju DM, Olowu AO. Comparative analyses of childhood mortality in S agamu, Nigeria: Implications for the Fourth MDG. SAJCH. 2007;1(3): 106-11.
2
Forae GD, Uchendu OJ, Igbe AP. An audit of paediatric mortality patterns in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Niger Med J. 2014; 55(2): 130-3.
3
Ogunlesi TA, Ogunfowora OB, Adekanmbi AF, Fetuga MB, Runsewe-Abiodun IT, Ogundeyi MM. Neonatal mortality at OlabisiOnabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu. Niger J Paediatr. 2006; 33(2): 40 -6.
4
Oladokun RE, orimadegun AE, Olowu JA. A ten-year review of neonatal deaths in the Special Care Baby Unit at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Niger J Paediatr. 2004; 31(4): 119-25.
5
Das PK, Basu K, Chakraborty S, Basak M, Bhowmik PK. Early neonatal morbidity and mortality in a city-based medical college nursery. Indian J Public Health. 1998; 42(1): 9-14
6
Ugwu RO, Eneh AU. Mortality in the Special Care Baby Unit of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital: why and when do newborns die? Niger J Paediatr. 2008; 35(3/4): 75-81.
7
Ekwochi U, Ndu IK, Nwokoye IC, Ezenwosu OU, Amadi OF, Osuorah D. Pattern of morbidity and mortality of newborns admitted to Special Care Baby Unit of ESUTH, Enugu State. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014; 17(3): 346-51.
8
Najati N, Saboktakin L. Prevalence and underlying etiologies of neonatal hypoglycaemia. Pak J BiolSci. 2010; 13(15): 753-6.
9
10. Manji KP, Kisenge R. Neonatal hypothermia on admission to a special care unit in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania: a cause for concern. Cent Afr J Med. 2003; 49 (3-4): 23-7.
10
11. Gomella TL. Temperature Regulation. In: Neonatology- Management, procedures, On-Call Problems, Diseases and Drugs. 6th Edition. New York: Lange McGraw Hill Medical Publishers. 2009; 43-8.
11
12. Ogunlesi TA, Ogunfowora OB, Adekanmbi AF, Fetuga MB, Olanrewaju DM. Point-of-admission hypothermia among high-risk Nigerian babies. BMC Paediatr. 2008; 8: 40.
12
13. Dedeke IOF, Okeniyi JAO, Owa JA, Oyedeji GA, Ogunlesi TA. Point of admission neonatal hypoglycaemia in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: Incidence, risk factors and outcome. Niger J Paediatr. 2011; 38(2): 90 – 4.
13
14. Diallo AH, Meda N, Zabsonre E, Sommerfelt H, Cousens S, Tylleskar T, et al. Perinatal mortality in rural Burkina Faso: a prospective community-based cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2010; 10:45.
14
15. Belizan JM, McClure EM, Goudar SS, Pasha O, Esamai F, Patel A et al. Neonatal deaths in low-to-middle-income countries: a global network study. Am J Perinatol. 2010; 29(8): 649-56.
15
16. Njokanma F, Fagbule D. Outcome of referred neonates weighing less than 2500g. Trop Geogr Med. 1994; 46(3): 172-4.
16
17. Mannan MA, Jahan N, Dey SK, Uddin MF, Ahmed S. Maternal and foetal risk factors and complications with immediate outcome during hospital stay of very low birth weight babies. Mymensingh Med J. 2012; 21(4): 639-47.
17
18. Ogunfowora OB, Ogunlesi TA, Fetuga MB, Oyinlade AO. Clinical manifestations and outcome of hospitalized babies with birth asphyxia in Sagamu. Niger J Paediatr 2009; 35: 12 – 18
18
19. Ogunlesi TA, Adekanmbi AF, Fetuga MB, Ogunfowora OB, Ogundeyi MM. Risk factors for mortality in neonatal seizure in a Nigerian Newborn Unit. SAJCH 2007; 1(2): 64 – 7.
19
20. Basu S, Rathore P, Bhatia BD. Predictors of mortality in Very Low Birth Weight neonates in India. Singapore Med J. 2008; 49(7): 556-60.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of serum antibodies to TORCH infection in the first trimester of the pregnancy in Kashan, Iran
Introduction:TORCH infections causing via Toxoplasma gondii, other microorganisms (e.g., Treponema pallidum), Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 during the first trimester of pregnancy can lead to severe fetal anomalies or even fetal loss. The current study determined the serological data of TORCH infections in women who were in their first trimesters of pregnancy.This descriptive study was carried out on 80 pregnant women in their first trimester in Kashan, Iran.Methods: To detect specific IgM antibodies and specific IgG antibodies against the TORCH infections via ELISA, Sera were collected from the pregnant women.Results: The specific IgG antibodies were found to be positive in 30(37.5%) cases for toxoplasmosis, in 74 (92.5%) cases for the Rubella virus, in 79(98.8%) cases for CMV and in 73 samples (91.3%) for the HSV types 1 and 2 infection. 3.8% of cases were found to be seropositive for Toxoplasma IgM antibody (95% CI, 0.38-7.9), 5% were positive for CMV IgM antibody (95% CI, 0.23-9.77) and 7.5% were positive for the HSV IgM antibody (95% CI, 1.8-13.2). 63.8% of pregnant women were at risk for at least to one of the TORCH agents.Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of infections caused by TORCH agents among pregnant women. Therefore, national screening programmed is necessary to screen the TORCH infections routinely and to prevent and treat congenital TORCH infection
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_4149_2e1d357ea5a638defd2e8265bdf65883.pdf
2015-03-01
8
12
10.22038/ijn.2015.4149
TORCH
IgM
IgG
Antibodies
Pregnant
sareh
bagheri josheghani
bagheri_sa41@yahoo.com
1
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine,
Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Rezvan
Moniri
moniri@kaums.ac.ir
2
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran; Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Baghbani Taheri
f.baghbani.t@ yahoo.com
3
Refrence Labratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Samaneh
Sadat
sadat_samaneh@yahoo.com
4
Paramedicine college, Kashan University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Zahra
Heidarzadeh
heidarzadeh@yahoo.com
5
Refrence Labratory, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
AUTHOR
Rebouças E, Dos Santos E, Do Carmo M, Cavalcante Z, Favali C. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Bahia, Brazil. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2011; 105 (11):670-1.
1
Gerber S, Hohlfeld P. Screening for infectious diseases. Child's Nervous System. 2003; 19(7-8):429-32.
2
Kapil A, Broor S. Primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant and nonpregnant women in India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 1992; 10(1):53-5.
3
Lawn JE, Yakoob MY, Haws RA, Soomro T, Darmstadt GL. Bhutta ZA: 3.2 million stillbirths: epidemiology and overview of the evidence review.BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2009; 9(Suppl 1):S2.
4
McAuley JB, Boyer KM, Remington JS, McLeod RL. Toxoplasmosis. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL. editors. Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2009. p.2954.
5
Remington JS, McLeod R, Wilson CB, Desmonts G. Toxoplasmosis. In: Remington, JS, Klein, JO, Wilson, CB, editors. Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. 7th ed Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia. 2011; p.918.
6
Berger F, Goulet V, Le Strat Y, Desenclos JC. Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in France: risk factors and change of prevalence between 1995 and 2003. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique. 2009; 57(4): 241-8.
7
Arbabi M, Farzad far H, Houshyar H. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Single Women Referring to Kashan Health Centers .Scientific-Research Journal of Shahed University. 2009; 17 (83):7-12. (Persian).
8
Cheng JQ, Zhou H, Hong FC, Zhang D, Zhang YJ, Pan P, et al. Syphilis screening and intervention in 500,000 pregnant women in Shenzhen, the People's Republic of China. Sex Transm Infect. 2007; 83(5):347.
9
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome-United States, 1969-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005; 54(11):279-82.
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11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Progress toward elimination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome--the Americas, 2003-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008; 57(43):1176-79.
11
12. Katow S. Molecular epidemiology of rubella virus in Asia: utility for reduction in the burden of diseases due to congenital rubella syndrome. Pediatr Int. 2004; 46(2):207-13.
12
13. Gandhoke I, Aggarwal R, Lal S, Khare S. Rubella in Delhi: in-utero infection and congenital rubella syndrome. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2008; 26(4):403.
13
14. Malakmadze N, Zimmerman LA, Uzicanin A, et al. Development of a rubella vaccination strategy: contribution of a rubella susceptibility study of women of childbearing age in Kyrgyzstan. 2001. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 38(12):1780-3.
14
15. Arabzadeh AM, Mosavat SA, Eftekhari N. Seroepidemiology of Human Cytomegalovirus in Pregnant Women and their Neonates In Kerman City During 2005. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences .2007; 14(4): 279-88.
15
16. Pembrey L, Raynor P, Griffiths P, Chaytor Sh, Wright J, Hall AJ. Seroprevalence of Cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr Virus and Varicella Zoster Virus among Pregnant Women in Bradford: A Cohort Study. PLoS One. 2013; 8(11): e81881.
16
17. Kenneson A, Cannon MJ. Review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection.Rev Med Virol. 2007;17(4):253-76.
17
18. Ornoy A, Diav-Citrin O. Fetal effects of primary and secondary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy. Reprod Toxicol .2006; 21(4):399-409.
18
19. Stagno S, Pass RF, Dworsky ME, Henderson RE, Moore EG, Walton PD, et al. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: The relative importance of primary and recurrent maternal infection. N Engl J Med. 1982; 306(16):945-9.
19
20. Fowler KB, Stagno S, Pass RF. Maternal immunity and prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. JAMA. 2003; 289(8):1008-11.
20
21. Brown ZA, Wald A, Morrow RA, Selke S, Zeh J, Corey L. Effect of serologic status and cesarean delivery on transmission rates of herpes simplex virus from mother to infant. JAMA. 2003; 289(2):203-9.
21
22. Flagg EW, Weinstock H. Incidence of neonatal herpes simplex virus infections in the United States, 2006. Pediatrics. 2011; 127(1):e1-8.
22
23. Roberts S. Herpes simplex virus: incidence of neonatal herpes simplex virus, maternal screening, management during pregnancy, and HIV. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 21(2):124-30.
23
24. Mahnert N, Roberts SW, Laibl VR, Sheffield JS, Wendel GD Jr.. The incidence of neonatal herpes infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 196(5):e55-6.
24
25. Bodéus M, Laffineur K, Kabamba-Mukadi B, Hubinont C, Bernard P, Goubau P. Seroepidemiology of herpes simplex type 2 in pregnant women in Belgium. Sex Transm Dis. 2004; 31(5):297-300.
25
26. Xu F, Markowitz LE, Gottlieb SL, Berman SM. Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 in pregnant women in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 196(1):43.e1.
26
27. Li Z, Yan C, Liu P, Yan R, Feng Z. The prevalence of the serum anti-bodies to TORCH among women before pregnancy or in the early period of pregnancy in Beijing.Clin Chim Acta. 2009; 403(1-2): 212-15.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of risk factor and complication of umbilical cord prolapsed in cesarean section
Objectives: Considering the rarity of umbilical cord prolapse (UCP) and lack of accurate data about the risk factors and health outcomes, we aimed to evaluate cases of cesarean section (CS) due to UCP in order to reduce treatment costs and provide information about the mortality and morbidity associated with this condition.Patients & Methods: Of 35,259 cases of CS performed in four hospitals during 2004-2012, 103 cases of UCP were selected as the case group; on the other hand, 318 cases without UCP were classified as the control group. Information was extracted from patients' records and analyzed by SPSS version 18. Results: Prevalence of UCP was estimated at 0.2%. In the case group, the active phase of labor was reported 1.4 times (81% vs 57%-P<0.00), engagement 8 times (14% vs 2% -P<0.001), transverse presentation 8 times (6% vs 2%-P<0.002), grand multiparity 3.9 times (4% vs 0-P<0.001), oligohydramnios 4.7 times (5% vs. 0-P<0.0001, and polyhydramnios 5.9 times (6% vs 0 - P<0.001). UCP was more prevalent in post-term deliveries (P<0.043). One-minute Apgar score < 7 was 3 times more prevalent in neonates of the case group (P<0.00). Prepartum vaginal bleeding was 4 times more common in the case group, compared to the control group; also, decreased fetal movement and heart rate drop were more prevalent in the case group. Mortality rate was 5.2% in the case group and 1.7% in the control group. Overall, the control group had a better general health at discharge, compared to the case group. Conclusion: A statistically significant correlation was detected between UCP and gestational age, active phase of labor, fetal presentation, engagement, parity, and amniotic fluid volume.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_4150_ded8438bd46df988cbdd42763dc06348.pdf
2015-03-01
13
17
10.22038/ijn.2015.4150
Umbilical cord Prolapse
CS
Risk factors
complications of Umbilical cord prolapsed
Zahra
Rezaee
rezaeizahra40@yahoo.com
1
Tehran University of medical sciences
AUTHOR
Mamak
Shariat
mshariat@tums.ac.ir
2
Maternal- fetal & Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of medical sciences
AUTHOR
Mehrnaz
Valadan
mvmahnazvaladan@gmail.com
3
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
LEAD_AUTHOR
bita
Ebrahim
bitaebrahim@yahoo.ca
4
Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of medical sciences
AUTHOR
Bahareh
Sedighi
5
Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, School of Medicine, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehrnoush
Kiumarsi
mfnhrc@yahoo.com
6
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Pouya
Bandegi
bfrc@yahoo.com
7
Department of Physiology, McGill University, Canada
AUTHOR
1. DeCherney AH, Nathan L, Laufer N, Roman AS. Current diagnosis & treatement obstetrics 7 gynecology. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2012. Chapter 19, Malpresentation & Cord Prolapse; p.355-59.
1
Calder AA. Emergencies in operative obstetrics. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2000; 14(1):43-55.
2
Usta IM, Mercer BM, SibaiBM .Current obstetrical practice and umbilical cord prolapse. Am J Perinatol. 1999; 16(9):479-84.
3
Dilbaz B, Ozturkoglu E, Dilbaz S, Ozturk N, Sivaslioglu AA, Haberal A. Risk factors and perinatal outcomes associated with umbilical cord prolapse. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2006; 274(2):104-7.
4
Poetker DM, Rijhsinghani A. Fetal survival after umbilical cord prolapse for more than three days. A case report. J Reprod Med. 2001; 46(8):776-8.
5
Bozhinova S, Porozhanova V, Popovski K. The significance of the problem of umbilical cord prolapse during delivery. Akush Ginekol. 1998; 37(1):10-2.
6
James DK, Steer PJ, Weiner CP, Gonik B. High risk obstetrics management options. 4th ed.Philadelphia: Saunders; 1994.
7
Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL.Obstetrics – Normal & Problem Pregnancies. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2012.
8
Uygur D, Kiş S, Tuncer R, Ozcan FS, Erkaya S. Risk factors and infant outcomes associated with umbilical cord prolapse. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002; 78(2):127-30.
9
10. Alouini S, Mesnard L, Megier P, Lemaire B, Coly S, DesrochesA.Management of umbilical cord prolapse and neonatal outcomes. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 2010; 39(6):471-7.
10
11. Dare FO, Owolabi AT, Fasubaa OB, Ezechi OC. Umbilical cord prolapse: a clinical study of 60 cases seen at ObafemiAwolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife.East Afr Med J. 1998; 75(5):308-10.
11
12. Obeidat N, Zayed F, Alchalabi H, Obeidat B, El-Jallad MF, ObeidatM. Umbilical cord prolapse: a 10-year retrospective study in two civil hospitals, North Jordan. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010; 30(3):257-60.
12
13. Boyle JJ, Katz VL. Umbilical cord prolapses in current obstetric practice. J Reprod Med. 2005; 50(5):303-6.
13
14. Bako B, Chama C, Audu BM. Emergency obstetrics care in a Nigerian tertiary hospital: a 20 year review of umblical cord prolapse. Niger J ClinPract. 2009; 12(3):232-6.
14
15. Tan WC, Tan LK, Tan HK, Tan AS. Audit of 'crash' emergency caesarean sections due to cord prolapse in terms of response time and perinatal outcome. Ann Acad Med Singapore. 2003; 32(5):638-41.
15
16. Kahana B, Sheiner E, Levy A, Lazer S, Mazor M. Umbilical cord prolapse and perinatal outcomes. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2004; 84(2):127-32
16
17. Khan RS, Naru T, Nizami F. Umbilical cord prolapse--a review of diagnosis to delivery interval on perinatal and maternal outcome. J Pak Med Assoc. 2007; 57(10):487-91.
17
18. Murphy DJ, MacKenzie IZ. The mortality and morbidity associated with umbilical cord prolapse. Br J ObstetGynaecol. 1995; 102(10):826-30.
18
19. Faiz SA, Habib FA, Sporrong BG, Khalil NA. Results of delivery in umbilical cord prolapse. Saudi Med J. 2003; 24(7):754-7.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Epidemiology and clinical study of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients in Khorasan Province; Norteast Iran
Epidemiology and clinical study of phenylketonuria (PKU) patients in Khorasan Province; Norteast Iran Background: Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive disease. Early diagnosis is a important public health intervention to prevent neurological impairment .This study was designed to describe characteristics of phenylketonouria patients in Khorasan ,Northeast of Iran. Methods: We included all patients suffering from PKU in khorasan until September 2013. We gathered the variables like diagnosis age , sib of parents, cause of asking physician and screening based diagnosis or clinical based diagnosis. We use descriptive statistics for analysis. Results: The mean age of diagnosis was 19 months .80% pku patients had a positive history of consanguineous marriage in their parents. Incidence of new cases that identified by screening in 2012-2013 was 57 per 1000000 live birth. 10% patients identified with screening in first week of birth. Conclusion: Nearly all of our patients (90%) had been diagnosed without screening in the first days of their life only due to clinical manifestations in the first year of their life . According to efficacy of early diagnosis and dietary treatment, enforcement of public health policy for screening is a critical public health preventive intervention.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_4151_7f5610e1314894e813da5e37cda9f98b.pdf
2015-03-01
18
22
10.22038/ijn.2015.4151
Phenylketonuria
Epidemiology
Clinical
Khorasan
Negar
Morovatdar
morovatdarn@mums.ac.ir
1
Health System Research Committee, Treatment Affaire of Vice Chancellor, Mashhad University of Medical Science , Mashhad , Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shapour
Badiee Aval
badieeash@mums.ac.ir
2
complementary medicine research center , Facaulty of traditional medicine, Mashhad university of Medical Sciences, Mashhad , Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Mohammad Reza
Hosseini Yazdi
hossiniymr1@mums.ac.ir
3
Special Disease center, Treatment Affaire of Vice Chancellor , Mashhad University of Medical Science , Mashhad , Iran
AUTHOR
Farzaneh
Norouzi
norouzif1@mums.ac.ir
4
Department of Information Technology, Treatment Affaire of Vice Chancellor , Mashhad University of Medical Science , Mashhad , Iran
AUTHOR
Tahereh
Mina
minat1@mums.ac.ir
5
Clinical Psychologist , Special Disease center, Treatment Affaire of Vice Chancellor, Mashhad University of Medical Science , Mashhad , Iran
AUTHOR
Scriver CR, Kaufman S. Hyperphenylalaninemia: Phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Valle D, editors. The metabolic and molecular basis of inherited disease. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Inc; 2001. P.1667–724
1
Acosta PB, MichalsMatalon K. Nutrition management of patients with inherited disorders of aromatic amino acid metabolism. In: Acosta PB, editor. Nutrition management of patients with inherited metabolicdisorders. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2010. P.119–52
2
Anastasoaie V, Kurzius L, Forbes P, Waisbren S. Stability of blood phenylalanine levels and IQ in children with phenylketonuria. Mol Genet Metab. 2008; 95(1-2):17–20
3
VanSpronsen FJ, Hoeksma M, Reijngoud DJ. Brain dysfunction in phenylketonuria: is phenylalanine the only possible cause? J Inherit Metab Dis. 2009; 32(1):46–51.
4
Guthrie R, Susi A. A simple phenylalanine method for detecting phenylketonuria in large populations of newborn infants. Pediatrics. 1963;32:338–43.
5
US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for Phenylketonuria (PKU): US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation. Ann Fam Med. 2008; 6(2):166.
6
Geelhoed EA, Lewis B, Hounsome D, O’Leary P. Economic evaluation of neonatal screening for phenylketonuria and congenital hypothyroidism. J Paediatr Child Health. 2005;41(11):575–79
7
Pangkanon S, Charoensiriwatana W, Janejai N, Boonwanich W, Chaisomchit S. Detection of phenylketonuria by the newborn screening program in Thailand. Southeast Asia n J Trop Med Public Health. 2009; 40(3):525–29.
8
Cornejo V, Raimann E, Cabello JF, Valiente A, Becerra C, Opazo M, et al. Past, present and future of newborn screening in Chile. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2010; 33(3):S301-6. 10. What is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?. Avalable from: nutrition.nutricia.com/conditions/phenylketonuria-PKU.
9
11. Erlandsen H, Patch MG, Gamez A, Straub M, Stevens RC. Structural studies on phenylalanine hydroxylase and implications toward understanding and treating phenylketonuria. Pediatrics. 2003; 112(6 Pt 1): 1557-65. 12. The hyperphenylalaninemia. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Sly WS, Valle D, Childs B, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein, editors. 8th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001.
10
13. Koochmeshgi J, Bagheri A, Hosseini-Mazinani SM. Incidence of phenylketonuria in Iran estimated from consanguineous marriages. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2002; 25(1): 80-81.
11
14. Senemar S, Ganjekarimi H, Fathzadeh M, Senemar S, Tarami B, Bazrgar M. Epidemiological and clinical study of Phenylketonuria (PKU) disease in the National Screening Program of Neonates, Fars province, Southern Iran. Iranian J Publ Health. 2009; 38(2): 58-64.
12
15. Habib A, Fallahzadeh MH, Kazeroni HR, Ganjkarimi AH. Incidence of Phenylketonuria in Southern Iran. Iran J Med Sci. 2010; 35(2): 137-9.
13
16. Karamifar H, Ordoei M, Karamizadeh Z, Amirhakimi GH. Incidence of Neonatal Hyperphenylalaninemia in Fars Province, South Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2010; 20(2): 216- 20.
14
17. Vallian S, Barahimi E, Moeini H. Phenylketonuria in Iranian population: a study in institutions for mentally retarded in Isfahan. Mutat Res. 2003; 526(1-2): 45-52.
15
18. Mokhtari R, Bagga A. Consanguinity, genetic disorders and malformations in the Iranian population. Acta Biologica Szegediensis. 2003; 47(1-4): 47-50.
16
19. Kabiri M. A report on the incidence of phenylketonuria (PKU) in Tehran, Iran. Acta Medica Iran. 1982; 24:127-13.
17
20. Madden M. Phenylketonuria: Defects in amino acid metabolism. SCJMM. 2004; 5: 57-61.
18
21. Nyhan WL, Barshop BA, Ozand PT. Atlas of Metabolic Diseases. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida:CRC Press; 2005.
19
22. Albrecht J, Garbade SF, Burgard P. Neuropsychological speed tests and blood phenylalanine levels in patients with phenylketonuria: A meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2009; 33(3): 414–21.
20
23. Kim W, Erlandsen H, Surendran S, Stevens RC, Gamez A, Michols-Matalon K, et al. Trends in Enzyme Therapy for Phenylketonuria. Mol Ther. 2004; 10(2): 220-4.
21
24. Hoeks MP, Den Jeijer M, Janssen MC. Adult issues in Phenylketonuria. Neth J Med. 2009; 67(1): 2-7.
22
25. Scriver CR. The PAH gene, phenylketonuria, and a paradigm shift. . Hum Mutat. 2007; 28(9): 831-45.
23
26. Center of noncomunicable disease, Iran Ministry of Health, Treatment and Education, National Guideline of Prevention and control of PKU patients; 2008. P.4-6.
24
27. Karamifar H, Ordoei M, Karamizadeh Z, Amirhakimi GH. Incidence of neonatal hyperphenylalaninemia in Fars Province, Southern Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2010; 20 (2):216-20
25
28. Eshraghi P, Abaskhanian A, Mohammadhasani A. Characteristics of patients with phenylketonouria in Mazandaran Province, Northern, Iran. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2010; 1(2): 72-4
26
29. Vela M, Ibarra I, Fernandez C, Monray S. Cause of delay in referral of patients with phenylketonuria to a specialized reference center in mexico. J Med Screen. 2011; 18(3):115-20
27
30. . Senemar S, Ganjekarimi H, Fathzadeh M, Tarami B, Barzgar M. Epidemiological and clinical study of phenylketonouria (PKU) disease in the national screening program of neonates ,Fars Province, Southern Iran. Iranian J Publ Health. 2009; 38(2):58-64.
28
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Kangaroo Mother Care on Fuss and Crying Time in Colicky Infants
AbstractBackground: Infantile colic is a common complaint in the first few weeks of life. On the other hand, because of its unknown etiology, there is not a specific therapy for this complaint, but various therapeutic options for reducing pain and restlessness of these infants are recommended. Skin to skin contact by Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) increases in pain threshold and it seems to be a suitable method for the care of these infants. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of KMC on infantile colic.Methods: This case- control study was performed between March 2012 and March 2013. Subjects were 55 infants with exclusive breast fed infant, aged 15-60 days with excessive fuss and crying, referred to Infant and Child Clinic in Ayatollah Rohani Hospital in Babol, north of Iran. Babies whose weights were less than 2500 Grams and with inheritance and clinical diseases excluded from the study. Infants were subjected to KMC at least 2 hours a day. Standard questionnaire and Barr Scale were filled by interview. Data was analyzed by SPSS v.11.5 and T-test, a P- value less than 0.05 considered being significant.Results:The fuss and crying time before the KMC was 2.21±1.54 hours per day and decreased to 1.16±1.3 hours per day after the implementation of KMC. (p=0.001)Conclusions:Kangaroo mother care at home can be used as a simple and safe method for decreasing of cry and fussiness in colicky infants. Keywords: Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), fussiness, Colicky Infants, colic
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_4152_d1b4968b5bff278c8f4798c53b0e0b13.pdf
2015-03-01
23
27
10.22038/ijn.2015.4152
Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)
fussiness
Colicky Infants
Colic
Zahra
Akbarian Rad
zhr-akbarian@yahoo.com
1
MD, Neonatologist, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
HaghShenas Mojaveri
matia.mojaveri@yahoo.com
2
MD, Neonatologist, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yadolla
Zahed Pasha
infectious.dep@gmail.com
3
MD, Neonatologist, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Mosa
Ahmadpour-Kacho
mmmmmmmmm
4
MD, Neonatologist, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Afroz
Kamkar
kamkar
5
MS.c, In Neonatal Nursing, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Soraya
Khafri
khafri
6
Assistant Prof. In Biostatistics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Hajar
Hossainnia
hossainian
7
M.S, Midwife, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IR Iran
AUTHOR
Lucassen P, Assendelft W, van Eijk JTM, Gubbels J, Douwes A, Van Geldrop W. Systematic review of the occurrence of infantile colic in the community. Arch Dis Child. 2001;84(5):398-403.
1
Clifford TJ, Campbell MK, Speechley KN, Gorodzinsky F. Infant ColicEmpirical Evidence of the Absence of an Association With Source of Early Infant Nutrition. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2002;156(11):1123-8.
2
Talachian E, Bidari A, Rezaie MH. Incidence and risk factors for infantile colic in Iranian infants. World Gastroenterol. 2008;14(29):4662-6.
3
Castral TC, Warnock F, Leite AM, Haas VJ, Scochi CG. The effects of skin‐to‐skin contact during acute pain in preterm newborns. Europ J Pain. 2008;12(4):464-71.
4
Golianu B, Krane E, Seybold J, Almgren C, Anand K. Non-pharmacological techniques for pain management in neonates. Semin Perinatol; 2007; 31(5): 318-22.
5
Gray L, Watt L, Blass EM. Skin-to-skin contact is analgesic in healthy newborns. Pediatrics. 2000;105(1):e14.
6
Johnston CC, Filion F, Campbell-Yeo M, Goulet C, Bell L, McNaughton K, et al. Kangaroo mother care diminishes pain from heel lance in very preterm neonates: a crossover trial. BMC Pediatr. 2008;8:13.
7
Sharpe ME. A serological classification of lactobacilli. J Gen Microbiol. 1955;12(1):107-22.
8
Wessel MA, Jackson EB,Harris RS Jr, Detwiler AC. Paroxysmal Fussing in Infancy, Sometimes Called "Colic". Pediatrics. 1954;14(5): 421-35.
9
10. Franck LS, Lawhon G.. Environmental and behavioral strategies to prevent and manage neonatal pain. Semin Perinatol; 1998:22(5)434-43.
10
11. Merenstein GB, Gardner SL. Handbook of neonatal intensive care. 6th ed. Missuri: Mosby; 2006.
11
12. Saeidi R, Asnaashari Z, Amirnejad M, Esmaeili H, Robatsangi MG. Use of “kangaroo care” to alleviate the intensity of vaccination pain in newborns. Iran J Pediatr. 2011;21(1):99-102.
12
13. Ellett MLC, Bleah DA, Parris S. Feasibility of using kangaroo (skin-to-skin) care with colicky infants. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2004;27(1):9-15.
13
14. Weissbluth L, Weissbluth M. Infant colic: the effect of serotonin and melatonin circadian rhythms on the intestinal smooth muscle. Med Hypotheses. 1992;39(2):164-7.
14
15. Barr RG. Colic and crying syndromes in infants. Pediatrics. 1998;102(Suppl E):1282-6.
15
16. Savino F, Tarasco V.. New treatments for infant colic. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2010; 22(6):791–7.
16
17. Pavlova SI, Kilic AO, Kilic SS, So JS, Nader-Macias ME, Simoes JA, et al.. Genetic diversity of vaginal lactobacilli from women in different countries based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. J Appl Microbiol. 2002;29(3):451-9.
17
18. Jasim Anabrees FI, Paes B, AlFaleh K. Probiotics for infantile colic: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:186.
18
19. Saeidi R, Tafazoli M, Gholami Robatsangi M. Kangaroo mother care for infantile colic: a randomized clinical trial. Tehran Univ Med J. 2010;67(12):870-5.
19
20. Ludington-Hoe SM, Hosseini RB. Skin-to-Skin Contact Analgesia for Preterm Infant Heel Stick. AACN Clin Issues. 2005;16(3):373-87.
20
21. Akcan E, Yiğit R, Atıcı A. The effect of kangaroo care on pain in premature infants during invasive procedures. Turk J Pediatr. 2009;51(1):14-8.
21
22. Sajedi F, Kashaninia Z, Rahgozar M, Noghabi FA. The effect of Kangaroo care on physiologic responses to pain of an intramuscular injection in neonates. Iran J Pediatr. 2007;17(4):339-44.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Head circumference in Iranian infants
Introduction: Head circumference (HC) measurement is one of the important parameter for diagnosis of neurological, developmental disorders and dysmorphic syndromes. Recognition of different disorders requires an understanding of normal variation for HC size, in particular, in infancy period with most rapid growth of the brain. Because of international and interracial standard chart differences about anthropometric indices, some differences from local to local, generation to generation and changes in ethnic mix of population and socioeconomic factors, periodic revolution of HC size is suggested. The aims of our study were presenting local HC standard for an Iranian infant population and comparison with the American national center of health statistics (NCHS) charts accepted by WHO. Methods: 1003 subjects aged from birth to 24 months apparently healthy normal children enrolled randomly in this cross sectional study. HC size were measured and recorded. Tables and graphs were depicted by Excel Microsoft Office 2007. We use two tailed t-student test for statistical analysis. Results: The mean of HC size in boys was larger than girls. The curves were followed a similar pattern to NCHS based on a visual comparison. Overall our subjects in both sexes at birth time had smaller HC size than NCHS. In other ages our children had larger HC size than those of NCHS. Conclusion: Because of international and interracial difference of HC size. We recommend in each area of the world, local anthropometric indices are constructed and used clinically. In addition more extensive and longitudinally design comprehensive studies is suggested.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_4153_57184b7d47537e4c0454b342f9da60c7.pdf
2015-03-01
28
32
10.22038/ijn.2015.4153
Head circumference
Iranian
Infants
Children
Mohammad
Esmaeili
esmaeelim@mums.ac.ir
1
Associate professor of pediatrics
AUTHOR
Marjan
Esmaeili
esmaeili_82@yahoo.com
2
Resident of Pediatrics
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
saeidi
saeedir@mums.ac.ir
3
Associate Professor of neonatology, Neonatal Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
fateme
ghane shabaf
ghanef@mums.ac.ir
4
assistant profssor of pediatric
AUTHOR
Hoey HMCV, Cox LA. Head circumference standards for Irish children. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1990; 79(2):162-7.
1
Karabiber H, Durmaz Y, Yakinci C, Kutlu O, Gumusalan Y, Yologlu S, et al. Head circumference measurement of urban children aged between 6 and 12 in Malatya, Turkey. Brain & Development. 2001; 23(8): 801–4
2
Nilsson D, Svensson J, Korkmaz BA, Nelvig H, Tisell M. Decreased head circumference in shunt-treated compared with healthy children. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2013;12(5):483-90.
3
Ayatollahi SMT, Shayan Z. Head Circumference Standards for School Children of Shiraz, Iran. J Trop Pediatr. 2006; 52(6): 406-10
4
Morgan C, McGowan P, Herwitker S, Hart AE, Turner MA. Postnatal head growth in preterm infants: a randomized controlled parenteral nutrition study. Pediatrics. 2014; 133(1):e120-8.
5
Pedersen M, von Stedingk H, Botsivali M, Agramunt S, Alexander J, Brunborg G, Chatzi L, et al. Birth weight, head circumference, and prenatal exposure to acrylamide from maternal diet: the European prospective mother-child study (NewGeneris). Environ Health Perspect. 2012; 120(12):1739-45.
6
Ortega-García JA, Gutierrez-Churango JE, Sánchez-Sauco MF, Martínez-Aroca M, Delgado-Marín JL, Sánchez-Solis M, et al. Head circumference at birth and exposure to tobacco, alcohol and illegal drugs during early pregnancy. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012; 28(3):433-9.
7
Ilves P, Lintrop M, Talvik I, Muug K, Maipuu L, Metsvaht T. Low cerebral blood flow velocity and head circumference in infants with severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and poor outcome. Acta Paediatr. 2009; 98(3):459-65.
8
Ishikawa T, Furuyama M, Ishikawa M, Ogawa J, Wada Y. Growth in head circumference from birth to fifteen years of age in Japan. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1987; 76(5):824-8.
9
10. Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grummer-Strawn LM, Flegal KM, Guo SS, Wei R, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Adv Data. 2000; 8(314):1-27.
10
11. Palti H, Peritz E, Flug D, Gitlin M, Adler B. Comparison of head circumference in an Israeli child population with United States and British standards. Ann Hum Biol. 1983; 10(2):195-8.
11
12. Chen ST. Growth of head circumference of Malaysian infants and pre-school children. J Singapore Paediatr Soc. 1990; 32(3-4):81-6.
12
13. Werner B, Bodin L. Head circumference from birth to age 48 months for infants in Sweden. Acta Paediatr. 2006; 95(12):1601-7.
13
14. Tsuzaki S, Matsuo N, Saito M, Osano M. The head circumference growth curve for Japanese children between 0–4 years of age: comparison with Caucasian children and correlation with stature. Ann Hum Biol. 1990; 17(4): 297-303.
14
15. Malina RM, Habicht JP, Martorell R, Lechtig A, Yarbrough C, Klein RE. Head and chest circumferences in rural Guatemalan Ladino children, birth to seven years of age. Am J Clinl Nutr. I 975; 28(9):106 1-70.
15
16. Vazirian S, Sedighnezhad A. Update of Growth Percentiles for Children of an Iranian Population. Arch Iranian Med 2003; 6(3):163-9.
16
17. Ayatollahi SM. Reference charts for arm, chest and head circumferences of south Iranian infants. J Trop Pediatr. 2001; 47(6):376-8.
17
18. Feigelman S. Growth, development and behavior. In: Kleigman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, editors. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011. P. 48-54
18
19. Pomeroy E, Wells JC, Stanojevic S, Jaime Miranda J, Cole TJ, Stock JT. Birth month associations with height, head circumference, and limb lengths among peruvian children. Am J Phys Anthropol. 2014; 154(1):115-24.
19
20. Brantsæter AL, Birgisdottir BE, Meltzer HM, Kvalem HE, Alexander J, Magnus P, et al. Maternal seafood consumption and infant birth weight, length and head circumference in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Br J Nutr. 2012; 107(3):436-44.
20
21. Xu T, Zhang ZX, Han SM, Hu HT, Xiao XH, Gong XM, et al. Relationship between birth head circumference and adulthood quality of life in Chinese people. J Paediatr Child Health. 2010; 46(11):642-6.
21
22. Leviton A, Kuban K, Allred EN, Hecht JL, Onderdonk A, O'Shea TM, et al. Antenatal antecedents of a small head circumference at age 24-months post-term equivalent in a sample of infants born before the 28th post-menstrual week. Early Hum Dev. 2010; 86(8):515-21.
22
23. Dale J, Maurer PK. Abnormal head. In: Ziai M, editor. Bedside pediatrics: diagnostic evaluation of the child. Boston: Little, Brown; 1983.P.17-31.
23
24. De Onis M, Garza C, Onyango AW, Rolland-Cachera MF; le Comité de nutrition de la Société française de pédiatrie. WHO growth standards for infants and young children. Arch Pediatr. 2009; 16(1):47-53.
24
25. Daymont C, Hwang WT, Feudtner C, Rubin D. Head-circumference distribution in a large primary care network differs from CDC and WHO curves. Pediatrics. 2010; 126(4):e836-42.
25
26. Júlíusson PB, Roelants M, Nordal E, Furevik L, Eide GE, Moster D, et al. Growth references for 0-19 year-old Norwegian children for length/height, weight, body mass index and head circumference. Ann Hum Biol. 2013; 40(3):220-7.
26
27. Sullivan K, Trowbridge F, Gorstein J, Pradilla A. Growth references. Lancet. 1991; 337(8754):1420–1.
27
28. Goldstein H, Tanner JM. Ecological considerations in the creation and the use of child standards. Lancet. 1980; 1(8168-Pt1): 582–5.
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29. Ounsted M, Moar VA, Scott A. Head circumference charts updated. Arch Dis Child. 1985; 60: 936–939.
29
30. Mohammadi M. Do the Iranian growth charts are similar to NCHS curves?. Arch Dis Child. 1997; 60(10): 17-23.
30
31. Sharif M, Azimi A, Talebian A, Mousavi GA, Azimi R. Growth rate of head circumference in first year of life in breastfed infants in Kashan, Iran. Feiz J Sci Res. 1998; 4(2): 47-53.
31
32. Hams P. The state of world’s children. United Nation Children's Fund (UNICEF). New York: WHO Bull; 1994.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A case presentation of Voriconazole therapy in a brochopulmonary dysplasia
Premature infants may be more vulnerable to fungal infections because of their immature immune system, poorly developed epithelial skin and mucosal barriers, and the high rate of invasive procedures, such as central venous catheters and intubation, which compromise host defenses (eg, skin integrity).Voriconazole is a newer systemic antifungal agent effective against Candida and Aspergillus. There are few reports of its safe use in newborns. We report the first case report - a 29 gestational age-900 gram baby girl of safe Voriconazole use in a critically ill with profound pancytopenia –huge hepatosplenomegaly due to fungal infection resistant to amphotericin B.With beginning oral Voriconazole all liver functions tests what were severely abnormal returned normal with normalizing of the size of liver and spleen. It was noted to be safe and well tolerated by the newborn. Because of oral administration of it, voriconazole is a very good choice for fungal infections in neonates.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_4154_26426bef3ef1ed460a3440bc5474916f.pdf
2015-03-01
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34
10.22038/ijn.2015.4154
Voriconazole
Antifungal
bronchopylmonary dysplasia
Newborn
Elaheh
Amini
amini_el88@yahoo.com
1
Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Research Center-Tehran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Firoozeh
Nili
fnili@tums.ac.ir
2
Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Research Center-Tehran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Fatemeh
Nayeri
nsnayeri@tums.ac.ir
3
Maternal, Fetal & Neonatal Research Center-Tehran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Tahereh
Esmaeilnia
tesmaeilnia@sina.tums.ac.ir
4
Breastfeeding Research Center-Tehran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Hosein
Dalili
hoseindaili@yahoo.com
5
Breastfeeding Research Center-Tehran University of Medical Sciences
AUTHOR
Mamak
Shariat
mshariat@tums.ac.ir
6
Maternal,Fetal & Neonatal Research Center-TUMS
LEAD_AUTHOR
McDonnell M.-Fungal infections in the newborn. Seminars in Neonatology. 1996; 1(2):141-145.
1
Benjamin DK, Stoll B, Gantz M, Walsh M, Sanchez P., Das A, et al. Neonatal candidiasis :Epidemiology, Rtisk Factor, and Clinical Judgment. Pediatrics. 2010;126(4):e865-e875.
2
Das S, Shivaprakhash MR, Chakrabarti A. New antifungal agents in pediatric practice. Indian Pediatrics. 2009;46(3):225-231.
3
Kohli V, Taneja V, Sachdev P, Joshi R. Voriconazole in Newborns. Indian J Pediatrics.2008; 45(3):236-238
4
Abuhammour W, Habte-Gaber E. Newer antifungal agents. Indian J Pediatrics.2004;71(3):253-259.
5
Eiden C, Peyriere H, Cociglio M, Djezzar S, Hansel S, Blayac JP, et al. Adverse effects of Voriconazole :analysis of the French Pharmacovigilance Database. Ann Pharmacother.2007;41(5):755-763.
6
Venkataramanan R, Zang S, GayowskiT, Singh N. Voriconazole inhibition of the metabolism of tacrolimus in a liver transplant recipient and in human liver microsomes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2002; 46(9): 3091-3093.
7
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Neonatal meningitis caused by streptococcus pneumonia in Iran
Meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis in newborns and young infants (age < 60 days) are the main causes of childhood mortality in developing countries. Even though streptococcus pneumonia is the most commonly detected microorganism in pediatric bacterial meningitis, it is rare in newborn infants. The following article reports a case of pneumococcal meningitis that was detected early in a newborn infant in 2013. A female baby was born by vaginal delivery with a birth weight of 2900 grams. She was symptomatic (poor feeding) from her first day of life, but she was admitted with a toxic status (dehydrated, lethargic, cyanotic, hypo tone, hypo reflex) to our referral center on her third day life. Her blood culture showed no growth of any organism and her urine culture was also negative, but the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture showed growth of streptococcus pneumonia. The maternal sepsis workup was normal. Despite all therapeutic management, unfortunately, the patient died on her fourth day after admission.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_4155_0e9e3a75302d5fced09bc8e3b803cb23.pdf
2015-03-01
35
38
10.22038/ijn.2015.4155
neonate
Meningitis
streptococcus pneumonia
zahra
abbasi shaye
abbasishz911@mums.ac.ir
1
resident of community medicine
AUTHOR
ehsan
alaee
ealaee@yahoo.com
2
neonatalogist
AUTHOR
Maryam
Abbasi shaye
abbasi shaye
3
Student of biology, Microbial biotechnology,Biology Departement, Faculty of science, Ferdowsi university, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
matin
bakhtiari
drmatin_90@yahoo.com
4
Imam zaman hospital, Department of pediatrics, Mashhad university of medical science, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mwaniki M K, Talbert AW, Njuguna P, English M, Were E, Lowe BS, et al. Clinical indicators of bacterial meningitis among neonates and young infants in rural Kenya. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2011; 11(301):1-10
1
Amer MZ, Bandey M, Bukhari A, Nemenqani D. Neonatal meningitis caused by Elizabeth kingia meningoseptica in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2011; 5(10):745-7.
2
Harvey D, Holt D E, Bedford H. Bacterial meningitis in the newborn: a prospective study of mortality and morbidity. Semin perinatol. 1999; 3(23):218-25.
3
Cha´vez-Bueno S, McCracken GH. Bacterial Meningitis in Children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005; 2(3):795– 810
4
Sáez-Llorens X, McCracken GH.Bacterial meningitis in children. Lancet. 2003;321:2139-48.
5
Bas AY, Demirel N, Aydin M, Zenciroglu N, Tonbul A, Tanir G. Pneumococcal meningitis in the newborn period in a prevaccination era: a 10-year experience at a tertiary intensive care unit. The Turkish journal of pediatrics. 2011;53(2):142-8.
6
Jefferson T, Ferroni E, curtale F, Giorgi Rossi P, Borgia P. Streptococcus pneumonia in Western Europe: serotype distribution and incidence in children less than 2years old. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(7):405-10.
7
Giorgi Rossi P, Mantovani J, Ferroni E, Forcina A, Stanghellini E, Curtale F, et al. Incidence of bacterial meningitis (2000-2005) in Lazio,Italy: the results of a integrated surveillance system. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:13.
8
Singh J, Dick J, Santosham M. Colonization of the female urogenital tract with streptococcus pneumoniae and implications for neonatal disease. Pediatr infect Dis J. 2000;19(3):260-2.
9
10. Hanghes BR, Mercer JL, Gosbel LB. Neonatal pneumococcal sepsis in association with fatal maternal pneumococcal sepsis. Aust N Z J obstet Gynecol. 2001;41(4):457-8.
10
11. Gomez M, Alter S, Kumar Ml, Murphy S, Rathore MH. Neonatal streptococcus pneumonia infection:case reports and review of the literature. Pediatr infect dis J. 1999;18(11):1014-8.
11
12. Heffelfinger JD, Dowell SF, Jorgensen JH, Klugman KP, Mabry LR, Musher DM, et al. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance: a report from the drug resistant streptococcus pneumonia therapeutic working group. Arch Intern Med 2000;160(10):1399-408.
12
13. Klein JO, Marey MS. Bacterial sepsis and meningitis. In: Remington JS, Klein JO, editors. Infectious diseases of the fetus newborn infant. 4t ed. Philadelphia: WB saunders;1995.P.835-8.
13
14. Nel E. Neonatal meningitis: mortality, cerebrospinal fluid and microbiological findings. J trop pediatr. 2000;46(4):237-9.
14
15. Klinger G, Chin CN, Beyene J, Perlman M. Predicting the outcome of neonatal bacterial meningitis. Pediatrics. 2000;106(3):477-82.
15