ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Bacterial Infections and Relevant Factors in Neonates Hospitalized at Intensive Care Unit
Background: Among the most common causes of death in preterm infants are neonatal infections, which remain high despite antibiotic therapy and preservative measures. The control of hospital infections is now a global priority, and many factors contribute to the spread of these infections. This study aimed to determine the frequency of bacterial infections in neonates and identify the common causes of infection in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the population consisted of all neonates who were admitted to the NICU of Al-Zahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, from April 2017 to March 2018. Neonates who had a positive culture (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, eye discharge, and tracheal tube secretions) were enrolled. The data were collected by a structured questionnaire, including maternal and neonatal information. Results: In this study, 56 newborns admitted to the NICU of Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan were studied. Their age range was within 5-28 days (18.88±8.41). Thirty-two (57.1%) neonates were male, and 24 (42.9%) newborns were female. In total, 26 (46.4%) neonates had prematurity that was the most common reason for hospitalization. The most isolated microorganisms were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae, Candida spp., Acinetobacter, Streptococcus pneumoniae, E. coli, and Streptococcus viridans, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the frequency of nosocomial infections in the NICU of Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan was 7.4%. The findings of this study highlighted the importance of paying more attention to controlling and preventing hospital infections in NICUs.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13367_b59c9708a9c169253d2f7a1cbadb4f28.pdf
2019-09-01
1
6
10.22038/ijn.2018.35356.1537
Bacterial Infection
neonate
NICU
Milad
Kabiri Samani
kabirimilad69@gmail.com
1
Faculty of medicine, Mazandaran University of medical silences, sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
Majid
keivanfar
keivanfar@med.mui.ac.ir
2
Division of pediatric pulmonary and sleep medicine, Emam hossein children,s hospital, research institute for primordial prevention of non communicable disease, child growh and development research center,Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hossein
Firouzi
firoozihosein@mazums.ac.ir
3
Department of pediatrics, ramsar campus, Mazandaran University of medical sciences, sari, Iran.
AUTHOR
Seyed Javad
Seyedi
sayedij@mums.ac.ir
4
Neonatal Research Center, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Hamidreza
Kianifar
kianifarhr@mums.ac.ir
5
Allergy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Falhammar H, Filipsson H, Holmdahl G, Janson PO, Nordenskjö ld A, Hagenfeldt K, et al. Metabolic profile and body composition in adult women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21- hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92(1):110-6.
1
2. Barbara J, Behrman R, Kliegman R, Jenson H. Infections of the neonatal infant. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders CO; 2008. P. 794-811.
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3. Reuben K, Mervin C, Richard A. The immune system. In: Fanarroff AA, Martin RJ, editors. Neonatal– perinatal medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby; 2006. P. 676-755.
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4. Babaei H, Alipour AA, Ghadiri K, Abdollahzadeh AM, Rezaei M. The effect of intravenous immunoglobulin on admission duration and mortality rate related to sepsis in preterm neonates. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2011; 15(5):333-7.
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5. Zar HJ, Ferkol TW. The global burden of respiratory disease-impact on child health. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49(5):430-4.
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6. Lafond KE, Nair H, Rasooly MH, Valente F, Booy R, Rahman M, et al. Global role and burden of influenza in pediatric respiratory hospitalizations, 1982-2012: a systematic analysis. PLoS Med. 2016; 13(3): e1001977.
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7. PLOS Medicine Staff. Correction: global role and burden of influenza in pediatric respiratory hospitalizations, 1982-2012: a systematic analysis. PLoS Med. 2016; 13(6):e1002060.
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8. Zar H, Jeena P, Argent A, Gie R, Madhi S. Diagnosis and management of community-acquired pneumonia in childhood-South African Thoracic Society Guidelines. S Afr Med J. 2008; 95(12 Pt 2):977-81.
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9. Scott JA, Brooks WA, Peiris JM, Holtzman D, Mulholland EK. Pneumonia research to reduce childhood mortality in the developing world. J Clin Invest. 2008; 118(4):1291-300.
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10. Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulholland K, Campbell H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ. 2008; 86: 408-16B.
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11. Gladstone IM, Ehrenkranz RA, Edberg SC, Baltimore RS. A ten-year review of neonatal sepsis and comparison with the previous fifty-year experience. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1990; 9(11):819-25.
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12. Shah J, Jefferies AL, Yoon EW, Lee SK, Shah PS. Risk factors and outcomes of late-onset bacterial sepsis in preterm neonates born at < 32 weeks' gestation. Am J Perinatol. 2015; 32(7):675-82.
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13. Melvan JN, Bagby GJ, Welsh DA, Nelson S, Zhang P. Neonatal sepsis and neutrophil insufficiencies. Int Rev Immunol. 2010; 29(3):315-48.
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14. Watson RS, Carcillo JA, Linde-Zwirble WT, Clermont G, Lidicker J, Angus DC. The epidemiology of severe sepsis in children in the United States. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003; 167(5):695-701.
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15. Aurangzeb B, Hameed A. Neonatal sepsis in hospital- born babies: bacterial isolates and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2003; 13(11):629-32.
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16. Abdel-Fattah MM. Surveillance of nosocomial infections at a Saudi Arabian military hospital for a one-year period. Ger Med Sci. 2005; 3:Doc06.
16
17. Perlman SE, Saiman L, Larson EL. Risk factors for late- onset health care-associated bloodstream infections in patients in neonatal intensive care units. Am J Infect Control. 2007; 35(3):177-82.
17
18. Foglia E, Meier MD, Elward A. Ventilator-associated pneumonia in neonatal and pediatric intensive care unit patients. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2007; 20(3):409-25.
18
19. Ghazvini K, Rashed T, Boskabadi H, Yazdan Panah M, Khakzadan F, Safaee H, et al. Neonatal intensive care unit nosocomial bacterial infections. Tehran Univ Med J. 2008; 66(5):349-54.
19
20. Darvishpour A, Hashemian H, Faal E, Fasihi M. Survey of nosocomial infection and accompanied factors in neonatal intensive care unit. J Guilan Univ Med Sci. 2010; 19(73):37-45.
20
21. Gaynes RP, Edwards JR, Jarvis WR, Culver DH, Tolson JS, Martone WJ, et al. Nosocomial infections among neonates in high-risk nurseries in the United States. Pediatrics. 1996; 98(3 Pt 1):357-61.
21
22. Barak M, Mamishi S, Siadati SA, Salamati P, Khotaii G, Mirzarahimi M. Risk factors and bacterial etiologies of nosocomial infections in NICU and PICU Wards of children’s medical center and bahrami hospitals during 2008-2009. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2011; 11(2):113-20.
22
23. Kim SD, McDonald LC, Jarvis WR, McAllister SK, Jerris R, Carson LA, et al. Determining the significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from blood cultures at a community hospital a role for species and strain identification. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2000; 21(3):213-7. 24. Yogaraj JS, Elward AM, Fraser VJ. Rate, risk factors, and outcomes of nosocomial primary bloodstream infection in pediatric intensive care unit patients. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(3):481-5.
23
25. Hoseini MB, Abdinia B, Rezaee MA, Oskouie SA. The study of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit: a prospective study in northwest Iran. Int J Pediatr. 2014; 2(3):25-33.
24
26. Salamati P, Rahbarimanesh AA, Yunesian M, Naseri M. Neonatal nosocomial infections in Bahrami Children Hospital. Indian J Pediatr. 2006; 73(3):197-200.
25
27. Galanakis E, Krallis N, Levidiotou S, Hotoura E, Andronikou S. Neonatal bacteraemia: a population- based study. Scand J Infect Dis. 2002; 34(8):598-601.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fecal Calprotectin Level in Neonates with Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a disease with high mortality. It is more present in premature infants and can also happen in term and late preterm neonates. It may affect any segment of the small intestine or colon. However, most commonly influences the terminal ileum and proximal ascending colon. This disease might damage the entire bowel, which can be irreversible. Intestinal mucosal defects cause the migration of large numbers of inflammatory cells into the gut lumen. Extensive mucosal affection results in increased calprotectin levels. This study aimed to investigate the role of fecal calprotectin as a non-invasive marker in the diagnosis of NEC for the better management of infants with NEC. Methods: This case-control cross-sectional study was performed in two groups. Group 1 was the case group consisting of the neonates admitted at Suez Canal University Hospital, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit with a clinical diagnosis of NEC. All cases were evaluated by Bell's staging criteria. Group 2 included control subjects. All the studied subjects had complete medical history, full physical examination, and laboratory investigations, including complete blood count, stool analysis, and C-reactive protein. Radiological examination entailed chest X-ray and erect abdomen X-ray, abdominal ultrasonography, and the measurement of stool calprotectin. Results: Fecal calprotectin level showed a positive strong correlation with NEC stages and this was statistically significant. Regarding the sequels of NEC, our study showed a positive correlation between NEC stage and fecal calprotectin level with r of 0.911 and P-value of < 0.001. The mean level of calprotectin in stage Ιa was 226.9 µg/g with the maximum in patients affected with stage ΙΙb (875 µg/g). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, fecal calprotectin can be used as a marker in the diagnosis of NEC and has a strong positive correlation with the severity of NEC.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13777_152caa127fc427a086c3b4567a2aefef.pdf
2019-09-01
7
13
10.22038/ijn.2019.40530.1659
calprotectin
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
neonate
Maha
Abdelkader
ethicsroles@yahoo.com
1
Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Badr El-Din
Mesbah
moneim20022002@yahoo.com
2
Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelmoneim
Khashana
abdelmoneim_khashana@hotmail.com
3
Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Kawase Y, Ishii T, Arai H, Uga N. Gastrointestinal perforation in very low-birthweight infants. Pediatr Int. 2006; 48(6):599-603.
1
2. Hunter CJ, Bean JF. Cronobacter: an emerging opportunistic pathogen associated with neonatal meningitis, sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. J Perinatol. 2013; 33(8):581-5.
2
3. Aydemir G, Cekmez F, Tanju IA, Canpolat FE, Genc FA, Yildirim S, et al. Increased fecal calprotectin in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Lab. 2012; 58(7-8):841-4.
3
4. Bode G, Lüken A, Kerkhoff C, Roth J, Ludwig S, Nacken W, et al. Interaction between S100A8/A9 and annexin A6 is involved in the calcium-induced cell surface exposition of S100A8/A9. J Biol Chem. 2008; 283(46):31776-84.
4
5. Hunter CJ, Camerini V, Boyle A. Bacterial flora enhance intestinal injury and inflammation in the rat pup model of necrotizing enterocolitis. [Master Thesis]. Toronto: Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, CA; 2007.
5
6. Bohnhorst B. Usefulness of abdominal ultrasound in diagnosing necrotising enterocolitis. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013; 98(5):F445-50.
6
7. Wan-Huen P, Bateman D, Shapiro DM, Parravicini E. Packed red blood cell transfusion is an independent risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. J Perinatol. 2013; 33(10):786-90.
7
8. Abdelwahab A, Khashana A, Ahmed N, Younis S. Correlation between insulin like growth factor -1 and anthropometric measurements of the premature infants. J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2016; 36(1):24-7. 9. Khashana A, Saarela T, Rämet M, Hallman M. Cortisol intermediates and hydrocortisone responsiveness in critical neonatal disease. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017; 30(14):1721-5.
8
10. Khashana A, Ahmed H, Ahmed A, Abdelwahab A, Saarela T, Rämet M, et al. Cortisol precursors in neonates with vasopressor resistant hypotension in relationship to demographic characteristics. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017; 31(18):2473-7.
9
11. Khashana A, Ahmed E. Hyperdehydroepiandrosterone in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and circulatory collapse. Pediatr Neonatol. 2017; 58(6):504-8.
10
12. Moonen RM, Paulussen AD, Souren NY, Kessels AG, Rubio-Gozalbo ME, Villamor E. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase polymorphisms as a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Res. 2007; 62(2):188-90.
11
13. Treszl A, Héninger E, Kálmán A, Schuler A, Tulassay T, Vásárhelyi B, et al. Lower prevalence of IL-4 receptor alpha-chain gene G variant in very-lowbirth-weight infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2003; 38(9):1374-8.
12
14. Røseth AG, Aadland E, Jahnsen J, Raknerud N. Assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis by faecal calprotectin, a novel granulocyte marker protein. Digestion. 1997; 58(2):176-80.
13
15. Fagerhol MK. Calprotectin, a faecal marker of organic gastrointestinal abnormality. Lancet. 2000; 356(9244):1783-4.
14
16. Permyakov EA, Kretsinger RH. Cell signaling, beyond cytosolic calcium in eukaryotes. J Inorg Biochem. 2009; 103(1):77-86.
15
17. Grimbaldeston MA, Geczy CL, Tedla N, Finlay-Jones JJ, Hart PH. S100A8 induction in keratinocytes by UVA-irradiation is dependent on reactive oxygen intermediates. J Invest Dermatol. 2003; 121(5): 1168-74.
16
18. Albanna EA, Ahmed HS, Awad HA. Stool calprotectin in necrotizing enterocolitis. J Clin Neonatol. 2014; 3(1):16-9.
17
19. Buderer N. Statistical methodology: I. incorporating the prevalence of disease into the sample size calculation for sensitivity and specificity. Acad Emerg Med. 1996; 3(9):895-900 .
18
20. Schnabl KL, Van Aerde JE, Thomson AB, Clandinin MT. Necrotizing enterocolitis: a multifactorial disease with no cure. World J Gastroenterol. 2008; 14(14):2142-61.
19
21. Carroll D, Corfield A, Spicer R, Cairns P. Faecal calprotectin concentrations and diagnosis of necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet. 2003; 361 (93554):310-1.
20
22. Nissen AC, van Gils CE, Menheere PP, Van den Neucker AM, van der Hoeven MA, Forget PP. Fecal calprotectin in healthy term and preterm infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004; 38(1):107-8. 23. Reisinger KW, Van der Zee DC, Brouwers HA, Kramer BW, van Heurn LW, Buurman WA, et al. Noninvasive measurement of fecal calprotectin and serum amyloid A combined with intestinal fatty acid-binding protein in necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg. 2012; 47(9):1640-5.
21
24. Selimoğlu MA, Temel I, Yıldırım Ç, Özyaln F, Aktaş M, Karabiber H. The role of fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin in the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2012; 13(4):452-4. 25. Yoon JM, Park JY, Ko KO, Lim JW, Cheon EJ, Kim HJ. Fecal calprotectin concentration in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Korean J Pediatr. 2014; 57(8):351-6.
22
26. Rougé C, Butel MJ, Piloquet H, Ferraris L, Legrand A, Vodovar M, et al. Fecal calprotectin excretion in preterm infants during the neonatal period. PLoS One. 2010; 5(6):e11083.
23
27. Moussa R, Khashana A, Kamel N, Elsharqawy SE. Fecal calprotectin levels in preterm infants with and without feeding intolerance. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2016; 92(5):486-92.
24
28. Khashana A, Ayoub A, Younes S, Abdelrahman A. Ischemia modified albumin in early neonatal sepsis. Infect Dis (Lond). 2016; 48(6):488-9.
25
29. Josefsson S, Bunn SK, Domellöf M. Fecal calprotectin in very low birth weight infants. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007; 44(4):407-13.
26
30. Thuijls G, Derikx JP, van Wijck K, Zimmermann LJ, Degraeuwe PL, Mulder TL, et al. Non-invasive markers for early diagnosis and determination of the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis. Ann Surg. 2010; 251(6):1174-80.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Clustered Nursing Care on Sleep Behaviors of the Preterm Neonates Admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Background: Premature neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) undergo sleep disorder due to various manipulations. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of clustered nursing care on sleep behaviors in premature neonates admitted to NICUs. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 60 neonates selected through convenience sampling method out of the infants admitted to the NICU. First, in the control group, a constant nurse took care of the neonates in a complete shift. The nurse observed the neonates sleep behaviors every two min for 45 min and recorded them in the questionnaire. The intervention group was investigated one week after the control group. The neonates ‘sleep behaviors were observed and recorded every two min by Prechtl instrument. All the data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS software version 16. Results: The mean sleep times in the control group were as follow: quiet sleep 5 min and 86 millisecond, active sleep 21 min and 50 milliseconds, quiet wake 4 min and 6 milliseconds,alertness9 min and 6 milliseconds, and cry1 min and 76 millisecond .On the other hand, in the neonates who received clustered care in the intervention group, the mean timings were as follow: quiet sleep time 19 min and 33 millisecond, active sleep 24 min and 66 millisecond, quiet wake 1 min and 76 millisecond,alertness2 min and 76 millisecond, and cry0.13 min. According to the mentioned times, it could be concluded that the neonates in the test group had a quiet and active sleep (P <0.05). Conclusion: Findings of this study demonstrate that cluster care can significantly increase the time of quiet and active sleep in the newborns. Based on the result, it is recommended that this kind of care be provided in the NICU program, as well as in the syllabus of students and nursing retraining.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13359_2f2c4e6a8e93b31be05aa7ee7adf53e4.pdf
2019-09-01
14
20
10.22038/ijn.2019.34814.1516
Clustered Care
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
neonate
Sleep
Marjan
Bazregari
ma.bazrgari@gmail.com
1
Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Jila
Mirlashari
jmirlashari@yahoo.com
2
Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Women’s Health Research Institute, Department of OBGYN, University of British Columbia
AUTHOR
hadi
ranjbar
ranjbar@gmail.com
3
Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Batool
Pouraboli
b.pouraboli@gmail.com
4
Department of Pediatric and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Varvara B, Effrossine T, Despoina K, Konstantinos D, Matziou V. Effects of neonatal intensive care unit nursing conditions in neonatal NREM sleep. J Neonat Nurs. 2016;22(3):115-23.
1
2. Ghahfarokhi SG, Sadeghifar J, Mozafari M. A model to predict low birth weight infants and affecting factors using data mining techniques.J Basic Res Med Sci. 2018; 5(3):2383.
2
3. Sedgh G, Finer LB, Bankole A, Eilers MA, Singh S. Adolescent pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates across countries: levels and recent trends. J Adolesc Health. 2015;56(2):223-30.
3
4. Azab SF, Sherbiny HS, Saleh SH, Elsaeed WF, Elshafiey MM, Siam AG, et al. Reducing ventilator- associated pneumonia in neonatal intensive care unit using “VAP prevention Bundle”: a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15(1):314.
4
5. Aguiar da Silva H, Candia da Silva K, de Oliveira Nunes Reco M, dos Santos Costa A, de Almeida Soares-Marangoni D, Foerster Merey LS. Physiological effects of bucket hydrotherapy for premature newborns. J Occupat Ther Univ São Paulo. 2017;28(3):309-15.
5
6. Sandi C, Haller J. Stress and the social brain: behavioural effects and neurobiological mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosc. 2015;16(5):290-304.
6
7. Brown WJ, Wilkerson AK, Boyd SJ, Dewey D, Mesa F, Bunnell BE. A review of sleep disturbance in children and adolescents with anxiety. J Sleep Res. 2018;27(3):e12635.
7
8. Courtois E, Droutman S, Magny JF, Merchaoui Z, Durrmeyer X, Roussel C, et al. Epidemiology and neonatal pain management of heelsticks in intensive care units: EPIPPAIN 2, a prospective observational study. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;59:79-88.
8
9. Carbajal R, Eriksson M, Courtois E, Boyle E, Avila- Alvarez A, Andersen RD, et al. Sedation and analgesia practices in neonatal intensive care units (EUROPAIN): results from a prospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(10):796-812.
9
10. Schore AN. Affect regulation and the origin of the self: the neurobiology of emotional development. London: Routledge; 2015.
10
11. van den Hoogen A, Teunis CJ, Shellhaas RA, Pillen S, Benders M, Dudink J. How to improve sleep in a neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review. Early Hum Dev. 2017;113:78-86.
11
12. Reynolds GD, Romano AC. The development of attention systems and working memory in infancy. Front Syst Neurosci. 2016;10:15.
12
13. Mahmoodi N, Arbabisarjou A, Rezaeipoor M, Mofrad ZP. Nurses’ awareness of preterm neonates’ sleep in the NICU. Glob J Health Sci. 2016;8(6):226-33.
13
14. Yiallourou SR, Wallace EM, Miller SL, Horne RS. Effects of intrauterine growth restriction on sleep and the cardiovascular system: the use of melatonin as a potential therapy? Sleep Med Rev. 2016;26:64-73.
14
15. García-Muñoz Rodrigo F, Urquía Martí L, Galán Henríquez G, Rivero Rodríguez S, Hernández Gómez A. Neural breathing patterns in preterm newborns supported with non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. J Perinatol. 2018; 38(9):1235-41.
15
16. Wilson N, Wynter K, Fisher J, Bei B. Related but different: distinguishing postpartum depression and fatigue among women seeking help for unsettled infant behaviours. BMC Psychiatry. 2018;18(1):309.
16
17. Modesto IF, Avelar AF, Pedreira Mda L, Pradella‐Hallinan M, Avena MJ, Pinheiro EM. Effect of sleeping position on arousals from sleep in preterm infants. J Spec Pediatr Nurs. 2016;21(3):131-8. 18. Abdeyazdan Z, Mohammadian-Ghahfarokhi M, Ghazavi Z, Mohammadizadeh M. Effects of nesting and swaddling on the sleep duration of premature infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016;21(5):552-6.
17
19. Bueno C, Menna-Barreto L. Development of sleep/wake, activity and temperature rhythms in newborns maintained in a neonatal intensive care unit and the impact of feeding schedules. Infant Behav Dev. 2016;44:21-8.
18
20. Pineda R, Dewey K, Jacobsen A, Smith J. Nonnutritive sucking in the preterm infant. Am J Perinatol. 2019; 36(3):268-76.
19
21. Almadhoob A, Ohlsson A. Sound reduction management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015; 1:CD010333.
20
22. Levy J, Hassan F, Plegue MA, Sokoloff MD, Kushwaha JS, Chervin RD, et al. Impact of hands‐on care on infant sleep in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52(1):84-90.
21
23. Valizadeh L, Ghahremani G, Mostafa Gharehbaghi M, Asghari Jafarabadi M, Rahkar Farshi M. Effects of facilitated tucking on duration and frequency of crying during rest among hospitalized premature infants: a randomized clinical trial. Int J Pediatr. 2018;6(4):7543-52.
22
24. Holsti L, Grunau RE. Initial validation of the behavioral indicators of infant pain (BIIP). Pain. 2007;132(3):264-72.
23
25. Vederhus BJ, Eide GE, Natvig GK, Markestad T, Graue M, Halvorsen T. Pain tolerance and pain perception in adolescents born extremely preterm. J Pain. 2012;13(10):978-87.
24
26. Bear RJ, Mellor DJ. Kangaroo mother care 1: alleviation of physiological problems in premature infants. J Perinat Educ. 2017;26(3):117-24.
25
27. Field T. Preterm newborn pain research review. Infant Behav Dev. 2017;49:141-50.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Electrolyte Imbalance in Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalopathy: A Hospital-based Prospective Observational Study
Background: The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of electrolyte imbalance in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Moreover, the correlation of this condition with Apgar score is evaluated. Methods: This prospective observational hospital-based study was conducted on 75 neonates affected by asphyxiation. Immediately (within ≤ 30 min of stabilization) after resuscitation, basic routine tests along with sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), and calcium (Ca++) were requested from laboratory to be quantitatively estimated. These neonates were clinically examined and classified into various stages of HIE according to recommended staging classification. The values of electrolytes were calculated and compared between various stages of HIE. Furthermore, the correlation between these electrolytes and Apgar score was assessed. Results: It was observed in our study that HIE is associated with low levels of sodium and calcium. On the other hand, it is correlated with high levels of potassium. As severity of HIE increases, sodium and calcium levels decrease, while potassium level augments. Apgar score was significantly correlated with sodium and potassium. However, the correlation of potassium and sodium with Apgar score was shown to be negative and positive, respectively. Calcium levels did not have a significant correlation with Apgar score. Conclusion: Electrolyte imbalances, such as hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and hypocalcemia are common in HIE. Hyponatremia and hyperkalaemia are significantly correlated with Apgar score. Therefore, Apgar score can be used as a determinant to start electrolyte therapy in HIE.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13300_7946826f1e314d3686a2df5988352fc6.pdf
2019-09-01
21
26
10.22038/ijn.2019.37389.1576
HIE
Hyperkalaemia
hypocalcaemia
Hyponatremia
Jehangir
Allam Bhat
ajaalam333@gmail.com
1
World College of Medical Sciences, Haryana, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sajad
Ahmad Sheikh
ssahmad123@gmail.com
2
Vikas Hospital, New Delhi, India
AUTHOR
Roshan
Ara
drroshanq@gmail.com
3
Vikas Hospital, New Delhi, India
AUTHOR
1. Cloherty JP, Eichenwald EC, Hansen AR, Martin CR, Stark AR. Cloherty and Stark’s manual of new-born care. Perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2015. P. 790.
1
2. Bhimte B, Vamne A. Metabolic derangement in birth asphyxia due to cellular injury with reference to mineral metabolism in different stages of hypoxicischemic encephalopathy in central India. Indian J Med Biochem. 2017; 21(2):86-90.
2
3. Wu YW, Backstrand KH, Zhao S, Fullerton HJ, Johnston SC. Declining diagnosis of birth asphyxia in California: 1991–2000. Pediatrics. 2004; 114(6): 1584-90.
3
4. Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL, Lawn JE, Rudan I, Bassani DG, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2010; 375(9730):1969-87.
4
5. Bauer K, Versmold H. Postnatal weight loss in preterm neonates less than 1500 g is due to isotonic dehydration of the extracellular volume. Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl. 1989; 360:37-42.
5
6. Wu PY, Hodgman JE. Insensible water loss in preterm infants: changes with postnatal development and non-ionizing radiant energy. Pediatrics. 1974; 54(6):704-12.
6
7. Low JA, Panagiotopoulos C, Derrick EJ. Newborn complications after intrapartum asphyxia with metabolic acidosis in the term foetus. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994; 170(4):1081-7.
7
8. Tsang RC, Chen IW, Friedman MA, Chen I. Neonatal parathyroid function: role of gestational age and postnatal age. J Pediatr. 1973; 83(5):728-38.
8
9. Tsang RC, Kleinman LI, Sutherland JM, Light IJ. Hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers: studies in calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium metabolism and parathormone responsiveness. J Pediatr. 1972; 80(3):384-95.
9
10. Sample size calculator. Raosoft. Available at: URL: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html; 2018.
10
11. Sarnat, HB, Sarnat M. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress. A clinical and electroencephalographic study. Arch Neurol. 1976; 33(10):696-705.
11
12. Arcara KM. Blood chemistries and body fluids. In: Tschudy MM, Arcara KM, editors. The Harriet lane handbook. 19th ed. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier; 2011. P. 639-47.
12
13. Thakur J, Bhatta NK, Singh RR, Poudel P, Lamsal M, Shakya A. Prevalence of electrolyte disturbances in perinatal asphyxia: a prospective study. Ital J Pediatr. 2018; 44(1):56.
13
14. Vandana V, Amit V, Meena V, Anuradha B, Vivek B, Deepak V, et al. Study of basic biochemical and haematological parameters in perinatal asphyxia and its correlation with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy staging. J Adv Res Biol Sci. 2011; 3(2):79-85.
14
15. Basu P, Das H, Choudhuri N. Electrolyte status in birth asphyxia. Indian J Pediatr. 2010; 77(3):259-62.
15
16. Jajoo D, Kumar A, Shankar R, Bhargava V. Effect of birth asphyxia on serum calcium levels in neonates. Indian J Pediatr. 1995; 62(4):455-9.
16
17. Schedewie HK, Odell WD, Fisher DA, Krutzik SR, Dodge M, Cousins L, et al. Parathormone and perinatal calcium homeostasis. Pediatr Res. 1979; 13(1):1-6.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Video Feedback on Adherence to Intravenous Insertion Standards in Nurses of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Background: Many newborns are hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) and undergo invasive procedures. Intravenous (IV) insertion is one of the most common painful invasive procedures performed on newborns. Thus, it is important to carry out this procedure according to the standards. The present study aimed to determine the effect of video feedback on nurses’ adherence to neonatal IV insertion standards in selected hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Methods: This study was conducted as a clinical trial on 60 nurses in selected hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in 2018. In the control group, after filling out the pre-test checklist and recording the IV insertion processes, the procedures were implemented according to the NICU routines. After a month, the post-test checklist was filled out. In the intervention group, feedbacks were given to the nurses about the correct insertion of IV and their performance after filling out the pre-test checklist and recording the processes. After a month, the post-test checklist was filled out, and the data were analyzed by the independent t-tests, Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square test, covariance analysis, and paired sample t-test using SPSS software (version 22). Results: According to the findings, the mean score of adherence to neonatal IV insertion standards in the intervention group was about 59 before the intervention, but it increased to 78.7 after the intervention. The statistical test also indicated a significant difference in this practice before and after the intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, the results of the independent t-test showed that the mean score of adherence to neonatal IV insertion standards had improved significantly in the intervention group after the intervention, compared to that in the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: Use of feedback method can be effective in nurses’ adherence to standards.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13296_56fe85e3ba23d5bc7eed0ede87ea6637.pdf
2019-09-01
27
31
10.22038/ijn.2018.33841.1492
Feedback
IV insertion
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Nurses
Standard
Sahar
Rasooli
s.rasooli@nm.mui.ac.ir
1
Students Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahnoosh
Hajiheidari
hajiheidari@nm.mui.ac.ir
2
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mahboobeh
Namnabati
namnabat@nm.mui.ac.ir
3
Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Sahebzadeh M, Hosseini SM, Javadi NN, Farazandeh MA. The study of equipment, safety, hygiene, personnel standards and their correlation with employee performance in surgery department of the educational hospitals in Isfahan 2009-2010. Hospital. 2010; 10(2):76-88.
1
2. Abolwafa NF, Ouda WE, Mohammed FZ, Masoed ES. Developing educational program for nurses' related to infection control of invasive procedures in neonatal units at EL-Minia University and General Hospitals. J Am Sci. 2013; 9(10):286-93.
2
3. Hosseini MB, Jodeiri B, Mahallei M, Abdoli-Oskooi S, Safari A, Salimi Z. Early outcome of peripherally inserted central catheter versus peripheral IV line in very low birth weight neonates. Feyz. 2014; 17(6):561-7.
3
4. Hajinezhad ME, Azodi P, Rafii F, Ramezanian N, Tarighat M. Perspectives of patients and nurses on caring behaviors of nurses. Hayat. 2011; 17(4):36-45.
4
5. Rosenfeld RM, Shiffman RN, Robertson P. Clinical practice guideline development manual: a qualitydriven approach for translating evidence into action. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013; 148(1 Suppl):S1-55.
5
6. Khalooei A, Rabori MM, Nakhaee N. Safety condition in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. J Health Dev. 2013; 2(3):192-201.
6
7. Wong DL, Whaley LF. Nursing care of infants and children. New York: Mosby/Elsevier; 2013.
7
8. DeLaune S, Ladner P. Fundamentals of nursing. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2015.
8
9. Magill SS, Edwards JR, Bamberg W, Beldavs ZG, Dumyati G, Kainer MA, et al. Multistate pointprevalence survey of health care–associated infections. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(13):1198-208.
9
10. Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BM. Nelson textbook of pediatrics e-book. 20th ed. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2016.
10
11. Mohamadamini Z, Namnabati M, Marofi M, Barekatein B. Four components of pain management in Iranian neonatal Intensive Care Units: the nurses’ and physicians’ viewpoint. J Educ Health Promot. 2017; 6:64.
11
12. Namnabati M, Memarzadeh M, Taleghani F, Hemati Z, Samouei F, Hosseinpour M. Improvement of post-surgery pain management in children: a participatory action research. Med Surg Nurs J. 2017; 6(2):28-37.
12
13. Merenstein GB, Gardner SL. Handbook of neonatal intensive care. St. Louis, MO: Mosby; 2015. 14. Valeri BO, Holsti L, Linhares MB. Neonatal pain and developmental outcomes in children born preterm: a systematic review. Clin J Pain. 2015; 31(4):355-62.
13
15. Verklan MT, Walden M. Core Curriculum for neonatal intensive care nursing-e-book. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014.
14
16. MacDonald MG, Ramasethu J, Rais-Bahrami K. Atlas of procedures in neonatology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012.
15
17. Havnes A, Smith K, Dysthe O, Ludvigsen K. Formative assessment and feedback: Making learning visible. Stud Educ Evaluat. 2012; 38(1):21-7.
16
18. Adhami BA, Esmaeili M, Seilany K, Sadeghi T. The effect of two kinds of feedback “written” and “oral” on formative assessment of arterial blood gas interpretation skills of critical care nurses. J Nurs Educ. 2016; 5(2):1-7.
17
19. Sawyer T, Sierocka-Castaneda A, Chan D, Berg B, Lustik M, Thompson M. The effectiveness of videoassisted debriefing versus oral debriefing alone at improving neonatal resuscitation performance: a randomized trial. Simulat Healthc. 2012; 7(4):213-21.
18
20. Mousavi A, Behnam Vashani H, Heidarzadeh M, Malekzadeh J. Comparison of the effects of videoassisted debriefing and educational workshops on the quality of neonatal resuscitation. Evid Based Care. 2015; 5(3):29-38.
19
21. Carbine DN, Finer NN, Knodel E, Rich W. Video recording as a means of evaluating neonatal resuscitation performance. Pediatrics. 2000; 106(4): 654-8.
20
22. Amin HJ, Aziz K, Halamek LP, Beran TN. Simulationbased learning combined with debriefing: trainers satisfaction with a new approach to training the trainers to teach neonatal resuscitation. BMC Res Notes. 2013; 6(1):251.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Survival of Extremely Preterm Neonates in a Resource-limited Setting
Background: Preterm birth is a major contributor to neonatal and under-five mortality, and births at lower gestational ages (GA) contribute more to these statistics. Most developed countries have succeeded in improving survival at extremes of GA, while most developing countries like Nigeria still lag behind. The objective of this retrospective study was to document the survival rates among extremely preterm neonates and factors associated with mortality in a tertiary center in Nigeria. Methods: The labor ward delivery and neonatal unit admission records were reviewed from January 2010 to December 2017. The GA, gender, mode of delivery, birth weight, duration of admission, and outcomes for babies delivered at 24 to 27 weeks + 6 days of gestation were recorded. The survival rates and factors associated with mortality were analyzed. Results: During this period, there were 11,607 live births with 1,685 (14.5%) preterm deliveries. There were 4,523 admissions to the neonatal unit; overall, 736 (16.3%) cases were preterm neonates out of which 152 (3.4%) subjects were extremely preterm. The overall survival rate was 24.3%, and the survival rate increased with increasing GA and birth weight (BW). Most deaths occurred in the first week of life. The means of BW and GA were significantly lower in babies that died, compared to those who survived. The median duration of admission was also lower for those that died, compared to those that survived. The most common causes of death were respiratory distress, sepsis, and intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusion: The survival rate of extremely preterm neonates is low in this study. Facilities to improve care, especially for respiratory support should be put in place to reduce mortality.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13774_09481400bc906e52521ac49a057b3046.pdf
2019-09-01
32
37
10.22038/ijn.2019.38772.1611
Extremely preterm
Resource-limited settings
Survival rate
Iretiola
Fajolu
iretifaj@yahoo.co.uk
1
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Patricia
Eyanya Akintan
akintanpatricia@gmail.com
2
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Beatrice
Ezenwa
beatriceezenwa@yahoo.com
3
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
AUTHOR
Veronica
Chinyere Ezeaka
ezeakac@yahoo.com
4
Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
AUTHOR
1. Howson CP, Kinney MV, McDougall L, Lawn JE. Born too soon: preterm birth matters. Reprod Health. 2013; 10(1):S1.
1
2. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard M, Chou D, Moller AB, Narwal R, et al. National, regional and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012; 379(9832):2162-72.
2
3. Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J; Lancet Neonatal Survival Steering Team. 4 million neonatal deaths: when? Where? Why? Lancet. 2005; 365(9462):891- 900.
3
4. Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Perin J, Rudan I, Lawn JE, et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet. 2015; 385(9966):430-40.
4
5. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Chou D, Oestergaard M, Say L, Moller A, et al. Born too soon: the global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births. Reprod Health. 2013; 10(Suppl 1):S2.
5
6. Costeloe KL, Hennessy EM, Haider S, Stacey F, Marlow N, Draper ES. Short term outcomes after extreme preterm birth in England: comparison of two birth cohorts in 1995 and 2006 (the EPICure studies). BMJ. 2012; 345:e7976.
6
7. Ibhanesebhor SE, Afadapa MA. Epidemiology of preterm delivery in Benin City. Nig J Paediatr. 1996; 23:27-32.
7
8. Sehgal A, Telang S, Passah SM, Jyothi MC. Maternal and neonatal profile and immediate outcome in extremely low birth weight babies in Delhi. Trop Doct. 2004; 34(3):165-8.
8
9. World Health Organization. WHO recommendations on interventions to improve preterm birth outcomes. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.
9
10. Lorenz JM. The outcome of extreme prematurity. Semin Perinatol. 2001; 25(5):348-59.
10
11. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Shankaran S, Laptook AR, Walsh MC, et al. Neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm infants from the NICHD neonatal research network. Pediatrics. 2010; 126(3):443-56.
11
12. Anderson JG, Baer RJ, Partridge JC, Kuppermann, Franck LS, Rand L, et al. Survival and major morbidity of extremely preterm infants: a population-based study. Pediatrics. 2016; 138(1):e20154434.
12
13. Ancel PY, Goffinet F, Kuhn P, Langer B, Matis J, Hernandorena X, et al. Survival and morbidity of preterm children born at 22 through 34 weeks’ gestation in France in 2011: results of the EPIPAGE2 cohort study. JAMA Pediatr. 2015; 169(3):230-8.
13
14. Stoll BJ, Hansen NI, Bell EF, Walsh MC, Carlo WA, Shankaran S, et al. Trends in care practices, morbidity, and mortality of extremely preterm neonates, 1993-2012. JAMA. 2015; 314(10):1039-51.
14
15. Kalimba EM, Ballot DE. Survival of extremely lowbirth-weight infants. South Afr J Child Health. 2013; 7(1):13-8.
15
16. Guillé U, Weiss EM, Munson D, Maton P, Jefferies A, Norman M, et al. Guidelines for the management of extremely premature deliveries: a systematic review. Paediatrics. 2015; 136(2):344-50.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of Colony-forming Efficiency between Breast Milk Stem/progenitor Cells of Mothers with Preterm and Full-term Delivery
Background: The beneficial effect of breastfeeding for the health of mothers and infants are well recognized. Breast milk is a novel source of the stem cells forming during pregnancy and lactation. In the present study, the colony forming efficiency (CFE) of breast milk-derived stem/progenitor cells in the breast milk of mothers with preterm delivery (gestational age of fewer than 37 weeks) was compared with that of mothers with full-term delivery (gestational age of more than 37 weeks). Methods: Fresh-pumped breast milk of 30 healthy mothers with full-term delivery and 30 mothers with preterm delivery who had no underlying illness and drug intake were collected on days 5 and 15 after delivery, and then immediately assessed. For the purpose of the study, 10 ml fresh breast milk was gently mixed with equal amount of phosphate buffer saline, centrifuged at 1,380 rpm for 20 min, cultivated in 1 ml MethoCult H4435 medium (Stem Cell Technologies), and incubated at 37°C with 5% CO2 and 80% humidity for 14 days. Results: The CFE is significantly lower in the 25 to 35-year-old mothers on day 15 after delivery than in 35 to 45-year-old mothers (P=0.01). In both groups of mothers, the CFE was higher on day 5 than on day 15. Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the CFE of breast milk stem/progenitor cells obtained on days 5 and 15 with the infants weighing 3,000-4,000 g (130±62, P=0.03 and 105±26, P=0.021), respectively. Furthermore, CFE increased in the breast milk of mothers aged 35 > years in comparison to that of younger mothers. Conclusion: According to our analysis, breast milk stem/progenitor cells CFE was higher in mothers with preterm delivery than in mothers with full-term delivery. These observations may uncover the compensatory mechanisms illustrated in the mothers' breast milk to improve the preterm infants' tissues development and organ formation in which various factors were involved, such as mothers' age and infants' weight.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13287_5d3f9bf1f56d50b16bbbdf11d2cadb94.pdf
2019-09-01
38
44
10.22038/ijn.2019.32358.1452
Breast milk stem/progenitor cells
Colony forming efficiency
full-term delivery
Preterm delivery
Abolfazl
Nosrati Tirkani
nosratia9@mums.ac.ir
1
1- Laboratory of stem Cell, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad Hassan
Arjmand
arjmandmh@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Jalili-Nik
jalilinm951@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Daryoush
Hamidi Alamdari
hamidiad@mums.ac.ir
4
Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Shah Farhat
farhata@mums.ac.ir
5
Neonatal Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Eidelman AI, Schanler RJ, Johnston M, Landers S, Noble L, Szucs K, et al. Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. Pediatrics. 2012; 129(3):e827-41.
1
2. Spong CY. Defining “term” pregnancy: recommendations from the defining “Term” pregnancy workgroup. JAMA. 2013; 309(23):2445-6.
2
3. Radtke JV. The paradox of breastfeeding‐associated morbidity among late preterm infants. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2011; 40(1):9-24.
3
4. Quigley MA, Hockley C, Carson C, Kelly Y, Renfrew MJ, Sacker A. Breastfeeding is associated with improved child cognitive development: a population-based cohort study. J Pediatr. 2012; 160(1):25-32.
4
5. Kramer MS. “Breast is best”: the evidence. Early Hum Dev. 2010; 86(11):729-32.
5
6. Genzel-Boroviczényy O, Wahle J, Koletzko B. Fatty acid composition of human milk during the 1st month after term and preterm delivery. Eur J Pediatr. 1997; 156(2):142-7.
6
7. Briere CE, McGrath JM, Jensen T, Matson A, Finck C. Breast milk stem cells: current science and implications for preterm infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2016; 16(6):410-9.
7
8. Bachour P, Yafawi R, Jaber F, Choueiri E, AbdelRazzak Z. Effects of smoking, mother's age, body mass index, and parity number on lipid, protein, and secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations of human milk. Breastfeed Med. 2012; 7(3):179-88.
8
9. Hassiotou F, Geddes DT, Hartmann PE. Cells in human milk: state of the science. J Hum Lact. 2013; 29(2):171-82.
9
10. Kent JC, Mitoulas LR, Cregan MD, Ramsay DT, Doherty DA, Hartmann PE. Volume and frequency of breastfeedings and fat content of breast milk throughout the day. Pediatrics. 2006; 117(3): e387-95.
10
11. Powe CE, Knott CD, Conklin‐Brittain N. Infant sex predicts breast milk energy content. Am J Hum Biol. 2010; 22(1):50-4.
11
12. Hinde K, Carpenter AJ, Clay JS, Bradford BJ. Holsteins favor heifers, not bulls: biased milk production programmed during pregnancy as a function of fetal sex. PloS One. 2014; 9(2):e86169. 13. Riskin A, Almog M, Peri R, Halasz K, Srugo I, Kessel A. Changes in immunomodulatory constituents of human milk in response to active infection in the nursing infant. Pediatr Res. 2011; 71(2):220-5.
12
14. Schanler RJ, Shulman RJ, Lau C. Feeding strategies for premature infants: beneficial outcomes of feeding fortified human milk versus preterm formula. Pediatrics. 1999; 103(6 Pt 1):1150-7.
13
15. Uauy R, Hoffman DR. Essential fatty acid requirements for normal eye and brain development. Semin Perinatol. 1991; 15(6):449-55.
14
16. Dvorak B, Fituch CC, Williams CS, Hurst NM, Schanler RJ. Increased epidermal growth factor levels in human milk of mothers with extremely premature infants. Pediatr Res. 2003; 54(1):15-9.
15
17. Twigger AJ, Hodgetts S, Filgueira L, Hartmann PE, Hassiotou F. From breast milk to brains the potential of stem cells in human milk. J Hum Lact. 2013; 29(2):136-9.
16
18. Grummer-Strawn LM, Reinold CM, Krebs NF; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of World Health Organization and CDC growth charts for children aged 0-59 months in the United States. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010; 59(RR-9):1-15.
17
19. Feher SD, Berger LR, Johnson JD, Wilde JB. Increasing breast milk production for premature infants with a relaxation/imagery audiotape. Pediatrics. 1989; 83(1):57-60.
18
20. Gross SJ. Growth and biochemical response of preterm infants fed human milk or modified infant formula. N Engl J Med. 1983; 308(5):237-41.
19
21. Fan Y, Chong YS, Choolani MA, Cregan MD, Chan JK. Unravelling the mystery of stem/progenitor cells in human breast milk. PloS One. 2010; 5(12):e14421.
20
22. Patki S, Kadam S, Chandra V, Bhonde R. Human breast milk is a rich source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells. Hum Cell. 2010; 23(2):35-40.
21
23. Zhou L, Yoshimura Y, Huang YY, Suzuki R, Yokoyama M, Okabe M, et al. Two independent pathways of maternal cell transmission to offspring: through placenta during pregnancy and by breast‐feeding after birth. Immunology. 2000; 101(4):570-80.
22
24. Kelly D, Coutts AG. Early nutrition and the development of immune function in the neonate. Proc Nutr Soc. 2000; 59(2):177-85.
23
25. Playford RJ, Macdonald CE, Johnson WS. Colostrum and milk-derived peptide growth factors for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000; 72(1):5-14.
24
26. Hassiotou F, Geddes D. Anatomy of the human mammary gland: current status of knowledge. Clin Anat. 2013; 26(1):29-48.
25
27. Jantscher-Krenn E, Bode L. Human milk oligosaccharides and their potential benefits for the breast-fed neonate. Minerva Pediatr. 2012; 64(1):83-99.
26
28. Bitman J, Wood L, Hamosh M, Hamosh P, Mehta NR. Comparison of the lipid composition of breast milk from mothers of term and preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983; 38(2):300-12.
27
29. Crago S, Prince S, Pretlow T, McGhee J, Mestecky J. Human colostral cells. I. separation and characterization. Clin Exp Immunol. 1979; 38(3): 585-97.
28
30. Jacobsson B, Ladfors L, Milsom I. Advanced maternal age and adverse perinatal outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 104(4):727-33.
29
31. Cnattingius S, Forman MR, Berendes HW, Isotalo L. Delayed childbearing and risk of adverse perinatal outcome: a population-based study. JAMA. 1992; 268(7):886-90.
30
32. Montan S. Increased risk in the elderly parturient. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 19(2):110-2. 33. Williams PL, Bannister L, Berry M, Collins P, Dyson M, Dussek E, et al. Gray’s anatomy. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1998. P. 1240-3.
31
34. Nandi S. Role of somatotropin in mammogenesis and lactogenesis in C3H/He CRGL mice. Science. 1958; 128(3327):772-4.
32
35. Visvader JE. Keeping abreast of the mammary epithelial hierarchy and breast tumorigenesis. Genes Dev. 2009; 23(22):2563-77.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Bath and Massage in Bilirubin Levels in Neonates
Background: Jaundice is one of the most common health problems among neonates, involving almost 60% of full-term newborns, therefore requiring consequent phototherapy. Since phototherapy has several complications, considering alternative treatments has long been of pivotal importance. Therefore, the present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of bath and massage in bilirubin levels in neonates. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial conducted on neonates who were born in Zeyaei Hospital in Ardakan, Iran, in 2018. A total of 90 neonates were selected using the convenience sampling method and then assigned into two intervention groups (i.e., bath group and massage group) and a control group through random allocation method. In the bath group, the neonates were bathed immediately after birth. In the massage group, the neonates received field massage twice a day each lasting 15 min for 5 consecutive days. The neonates belonging to the control group were served with routine care. The jaundice meter China 800 (jk) device was used to measure the skin bilirubin levels of the neonates in the three groups in a scheduled manner (i.e., days 1, 3, 5, and 7) at 9 a.m. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA, Chi-square test, Tukey's post hoc test, and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS software (version 18). Results: There was no significant difference between the mean bilirubin scores of the three groups over the first, third, and fifth days. A significant difference was found between the mean bilirubin scores of the bath and massage groups compared with that of the control group on the seventh day (P=0.001). Also, no significant difference was seen between the mean bilirubin levels of the bath and massage groups on the seventh day. Conclusion: The findings revealed that there was no difference between the bath and massage techniques in reducing neonatal jaundice. Therefore, both techniques can be utilized in this regard.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13294_b99fcf6b83e40ba33cc0e82ce8ac8baa.pdf
2019-09-01
45
50
10.22038/ijn.2019.33607.1484
Baths
bilirubin
Jaundice
Massage
Newborn
Khadijeh
Dehghani
shadehghani@gmail.com
1
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Effat
Nouroozi
e.norouzi@yahoo.com
2
School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Mandegari
mandegar.zahra@yahoo.com
3
Meybod Nursing School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
Naiire
Salmani
n.salmani@ssu.ac.ir
4
Meybod Nursing School, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mehrdad
Shakiba
shakiba@ssu.ac.ir
5
Department of Pediatrics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Najib KS, Saki F, Hemmati F, Inaloo S. Incidence, risk factors and causes of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the south of Iran (Fars Province). Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013; 15(3):260-3. 2. Watchko JF. Identification of neonates at risk for hazardous hyperbilirubinemia: emerging clinical insights. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009; 56(3):671-87.
1
3. Mirfazeli A, Najafi L, Noohi AH, Cheraghali R. Investigation of caused of severe indirect hyperbilirubinemia in Gorgan. J Gorgan Univ Med Sci. 2009; 11(4):82-6.
2
4. Geiger AM, Petitti DB, Yao JF. Rehospitalisation for neonatal jaundice: risk factors and outcomes. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001; 15(4):352-8.
3
5. Maisels MJ, McDonagh AF. Phototherapy for neonatal jaundice. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358(9): 920-8.
4
6. Basiri-Moghadam M, Basiri-Moghadam K, Kianmehr M, Jani S. The effect of massage on neonatal jaundice in stable preterm newborn infants: a randomized controlled trial. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015; 65(6):602-6.
5
7. Seyyedrasooli A, Valizadeh L, Hosseini MB, Aagari Jafarabadi M, Mohammadzad M. Effect of vimala massage on physiological jaundice in infants: a randomized controlled trial. J Caring Sci. 2014; 3(3):165-73.
6
8. Kianmehr M, Moslem A, Moghadam KB, Naghavi M, Noghabi SP, Moghadam MB. The effect of massage on serum bilirubin levels in term neonates with hyperbilirubinemia undergoing phototherapy. Nautilus. 2014; 128:36-41.
7
9. Field T, Diego M, Hernandez-Reif M. Preterm infant massage therapy research: a review. Infant Behav Dev. 2010; 33(2):115-24.
8
10. Chen J, Sadakata M, Ishida M, Sekizuka N, Sayama M. Baby massage ameliorates neonatal jaundice in fullterm newborn infants. Tohoku J Exp Med. 2011; 223(2):97-102.
9
11. Lin CH, Yang HC, Cheng CS, Yen CE. Effects of infant massage on jaundiced neonates undergoing phototherapy. Ital J Pediatr. 2015; 41(1):94.
10
12. Keshavarz M, Bolbol Haghighi N. Effects of kangaroo contact on some physiological parameters in term neonates and pain score in mothers with cesarean section. Koomesh. 2010; 11(2):91-8.
11
13. Lei M, Liu T, Li Y, Liu Y, Meng L, Jin C. Effects of massage on newborn infants with jaundice: a metaanalysis. Int J Nurs Sci. 2018; 5(1):89-97.
12
14. Li Wang TS, Wang YY, Cao H. The effect of traditional Chinese medicine washing combined with massage for neonatal jaundice: a meta-analysis. TMR Integr Nurs. 2018; 1(2):36-44.
13
15. Xiaohua Z, Huijuan C, Qundi L. Effect of hydrotherapy on neonates. Modern Clin Nurs. 2006; 4:16.
14
16. Visscher MO, Adam R, Brink S, Odio M. Newborn infant skin: physiology, development, and care. Clin Dermatol. 2015; 33(3):271-80.
15
17. Lund C. Bathing and beyond: current bathing controversies for newborn infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2016; 16:S13-20.
16
18. Brogan J, Rapkin G. Implementing evidence-based neonatal skin care with parent-performed, delayed immersion baths. Nurs Womens Health. 2017; 21(6):442-50
17
19. Blume‐Peytavi U, Cork MJ, Faergemann J, Szczapa J, Vanaclocha F, Gelmetti C. Bathing and cleansing in newborns from day 1 to first year of life: recommendations from a European round table meeting. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009; 23(7):751-9.
18
20. Hong QG. Study on the effect of peripheral blood bilirubin of neonate by swimming. J Nurses Train. 2006; 1:3.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparison of the Heated Humidified High-flow Nasal Cannula with Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure as Primary Respiratory Support for Preterm Neonates: A Prospective Observational Study
Background: Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is gaining popularity in the management of respiratory distress in preterm neonates. However, it is not known whether it takes precedence over the gold standard nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) in this age group as a primary mode of non-invasive ventilation (NIV). There is limited evidence addressing this issue in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to focus on the effect of HHHFNC on preterm neonates with respiratory distress, compared to NCPAP as a primary mode of respiratory support. Methods: A prospective observational study conducted in tertiary level III NICU. The preterm neonates 28-36 weeks with respiratory distress syndrome (onset of distress within ≤4 hours of life with FiO2 ≥0.25 with compatible chest radiograph) were managed with either HHHFNC or nCPAP The need for invasive ventilation within 72 hours of initiation of non-invasive respiratory support was studied. FiO2 and Downe’s scores were recorded every 4th hour for the first 48 hours. Results: In total, 84 neonates were enrolled in this study. Treatment failure for HHHFNC group was 34.4%, whereas it was 32.2% (P=0.34) for NCPAP group which indicated no significant differences. In the late preterm strata, NCPAP group obtained longer duration for NIV (Median: 64 vs 43 hours, respectively; P<0.001); however, there were no differences between the study groups regarding the use of supplemental oxygen. The estimation of the survival time was plotted using the Kaplan-Meier curve (P<0.001). In addition, the two groups were compared through Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test. Moreover, the results revealed differences between the two groups in terms of the hazards ratio for time to success regarding such items as the intervention group, gestational age, birth weight, surfactant therapy, and Downe’s score (1.17; CI: 95% [0.7, 1.8]). Conclusion: Early HHHFNC obtained similar results, compared to NCPAP as a primary mode of NIV for a preterm population with respiratory distress, and it may not be superior to NCPAP.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13297_dff2d0262e2a6feec5fb78cb41bcedb2.pdf
2019-09-01
51
57
10.22038/ijn.2019.34058.1495
Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula
nasal continuous positive airway pressure
Non-invasive Ventilation
Preterm neonates
Tisha
Ann Skariah
tisha_skariah@hotmail.com
1
Department of Respiratory Therapy, School of Allied Health Science, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
Laveena
Dias
laveenadias2002@gmail.com
2
Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar
AUTHOR
Leslie
Edward Lewis
leslielewis1@gmail.com
3
Department of Pediatrics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
AUTHOR
1. Diblasi RM. Neonatal noninvasive ventilation techniques: do we really need to intubate? Respir Care. 2011; 56(9):1273-94.
1
2. Diblasi RM. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for the respiratory care of the newborn infant. Respir Care. 2009; 54(9):1209-35.
2
3. Dysart K, Miller TL, Wolfson MR, Shaffer TH. Research in high flow therapy: mechanisms of action. Respir Med. 2009; 103(10):1400-5.
3
4. Saslow JG, Aghai ZH, Nakhla TA, Hart JJ, Lawrysh R, Stahl GE, et al. Work of breathing using high-flow nasal cannula in preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2006; 26(8):476-80.
4
5. Spence KL, Murphy D, Kilian C, McGonigle R, Kilani RA. High-flow nasal cannula as a device to provide continuous positive airway pressure in infants. J Perinatol. 2007; 27(12):772-5.
5
6. Sreenan C, Lemke RP, Hudson-Mason A, Osiovich H. High-flow nasal cannulae in the management of apnea of prematurity: a comparison with conventional nasal continuous positive airway pressure. Pediatrics. 2001; 107(5):1081-3.
6
7. Waugh JB, Granger WM. An evaluation of 2 new devices for nasal high-flow gas therapy. Respir Care. 2004; 49(8):902-6.
7
8. Woodhead DD, Lambert DK, Clark JM, Christensen RD. Comparing two methods of delivering high-flow gas therapy by nasal cannula following endotracheal extubation: a prospective, randomized, masked, crossover trial. J Perinatol. 2006; 26(8):481-5.
8
9. Kopelman AE, Holbert D. Use of oxygen cannulas in extremely low birthweight infants is associated with mucosal trauma and bleeding, and possibly with coagulase-negative staphylococcal sepsis. J Perinatal. 2003; 23(2):94-7.
9
10. Ojha S, Gridley E, Dorling J. Use of heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula oxygen in neonates: a UK wide survey. Acta Paediatr. 2013; 102(3):249-53.
10
11. Yoder BA, Stoddard RA, Li M, King J, Dirnberger DR, Abbasi S. Heated, humidified high-flow nasal cannula versus nasal CPAP for respiratory support in neonates. Pediatrics. 2013; 131(5):e1482-90. 12. Roberts CT, Owen LS, Manley BJ, Frøisland DH, Donath SM, Dalziel KM, et al. Nasal high-flow therapy for primary respiratory support in preterm infants. New Engl J Med. 2016; 375(12):1142-51. 13. Manley BJ, Roberts CT, Frøisland DH, Doyle LW, Davis PG, Owen LS. Refining the use of nasal highflow therapy as primary respiratory support for preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2018; 196:65-70 .
11
14. Manley BJ, Owen LS, Doyle LW, Andersen CC, Cartwright DW, Pritchard MA, et al. High-flow nasal cannulae in very preterm infants after extubation. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369(15):1425-33.
12
15. Campbell DM, Shah PS, Shah V, Kelly EN. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure from high flow cannula versus Infant Flow for Preterm infants. J Perinatol. 2006; 26(9):546-9.
13
16. Wilkinson D, Andersen C, O’Donnell CP, De Paoli AG. High flow nasal cannula for respiratory support in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011; 5:CD006405.
14
17. Chakravarthy Konda K, Edward Lewis L, Ramesh Bhat Y, Purkayastha J, Kanaparthi S. Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure for the facilitation of extubation in preterm neonates with respiratory distress. Iran J Neonatol. 2018; 9(2): 14-20.
15
18. Holleman-Duray D, Kaupie D, Weiss MG. Heated humidified high-flow nasal cannula: use and a neonatal early extubation protocol. J Perinatol. 2007; 27(12):776-81.
16
19. Lampland AL, Plumm B, Meyers PA, Worwa CT, Mammel MC. Observational study of humidified high-flow nasal cannula compared with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. J Pediatr. 2009; 154(2):177-82.
17
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Oral Motor Intervention on Oral Feeding Readiness and Feeding Progression in Preterm Infants
Background: Advances in neonatal intensive care have markedly improved survival in preterm infants. These babies need hospitalization due to the immaturity of the respiratory and digestive systems. The timing for the initiation of proper feeding in premature infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) is an important challenge for physicians, parents, and nurses. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of oral motor intervention (OMI) on the early onset of oral feeding in preterm infants. Methods: This clinical trial was carried out on 40 premature infants who were admitted to the NICU of Ali-ibn Abi Talib Hospital, Zahedan, Iran, in 2012 with the gestational age of 28-32 weeks. The subjects were randomly allocated to two equal groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, 5-minute oral stimulations were performed based on premature infant OMI (PIOMI) by the researcher on a daily basis 15 minutes before gavage for seven days. On the other hand, the control group received routine care. Then, the groups were compared using the premature oral feeding readiness assessment scale in terms of timing, initiation of oral feeding, and hospitalization duration. Results: The intervention group achieved independent feeding significantly earlier than the control group (P=0.034). In addition, the duration of hospitalization was shorter in the intervention group, compared to that of the control group (P=0.027). Conclusion: The utilization of PIOMI method to stimulate oral movements is beneficial in the early onset of oral feeding and reduces the duration of hospitalization. Therefore, this method can be effective in treating premature infants and reducing treatment costs.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13298_b86686466357a9ab7b5220017c0acdd9.pdf
2019-09-01
58
63
10.22038/ijn.2019.34620.1515
Feeding behavior
Non-nutritive sucking
oral feeding
Oral massage
Oral stimulation
Preterm infant
Nasrin
Mahmoodi
mahmoodi.088@gmail.com
1
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Brenda
Lessen Knoll
blessen@iwu.edu
2
School of Nursing, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, USA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roghaieh
Keykha
roghaieh.keykha@yahoo.com
3
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Alia
Jalalodini
a_jalalodini@yahoo.com
4
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
Fershteh
Ghaljaei
ghaljaei_f@yahoo.com
5
Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BM. Nelson textbook of pediatrics e-book. 18th ed. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007.
1
2. Als H, Gilkerson L, Duffy FH, Mcanulty GB, Buehler DM, Vandenberg K, et al. A three-center, randomized, controlled trial of individualized developmental care for very low birth weight preterm infants: medical, neurodevelopmental, parenting, and caregiving effects. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2003; 24(6):399-408.
2
3. Rocha AD, Moreira ME, Pimenta HP, Ramos JR, Lucena SL. A randomized study of the efficacy of sensory-motor-oral stimulation and non-nutritive sucking in very low birthweight infant. Early Hum Dev. 2007; 83(6):385-8.
3
4. Boiron M, Nobrega LD, Roux S, Henrot A, Saliba E. Effects of oral stimulation and oral support on non‐nutritive sucking and feeding performance in preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007; 49(6):439-44.
4
5. American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Hospital discharge of the highrisk neonate-proposed guidelines. Pediatrics. 1998; 102(2 Pt 1):411-7.
5
6. Daley HK, Kennedy CM. Meta analysis: effects of interventions on premature infants feeding. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2000; 14(3):62-77.
6
7. Barlow SM. Oral and respiratory control for preterm feeding. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009; 17(3):179-86.
7
8. Lessen BS. Effect of the premature infant oral motor intervention on feeding progression and length of stay in preterm infants. Adv Neonatal Care. 2011; 11(2):129-39.
8
9. Younesian S, Yadegari F, Soleimani F. Impact of oral sensory motor stimulation on feeding performance, length of hospital stay, and weight gain of preterm infants in NICU. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2015; 17(7):e13515.
9
10. McGrath JM, Braescu AV. State of the science: feeding readiness in the preterm infant. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2004; 18(4):353-68.
10
11. Fujinaga CI, Zamberlan NE, Rodarte MD, Scochi CG. Reliability of an instrument to assess the readiness of preterm infants for oral feeding. Pro Fono. 2007; 19(2):143-50.
11
12. Fucile S, Gisel EG, Lau C. Effect of an oral stimulation program on sucking skill maturation of preterm infants. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2005; 47(3):158-62.
12
13. Pimenta HP, Moreira ME, Rocha AD, Junior G, Clair S, Pinto LW, et al. Effects of non-nutritive sucking and oral stimulation on breastfeeding rates for preterm, low birth weight infants: a randomized clinical trial. J Pediatr. 2008; 84(5):423-7.
13
14. Fucile S, Gisel E, Schanler RJ, Lau C. A controlledflow vacuum-free bottle system enhances preterm infants’ nutritive sucking skills. Dysphagia. 2009; 24(2):145-51.
14
15. Gaebler CP, Hanzlik JR. The effects of a prefeeding stimulation program on preterm infants. Am J Occup Ther. 1996; 50(3):184-92.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Comparing the Effects of Chlorhexidine 2% and Iodopovidone-alcohol on Peripheral Venous Catheter Bacterial Colonization in Preterm Neonates
Background: Studies regarding cleansing the area with antiseptic solutions prior to catheterization in premature infants are limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of chlorhexidine 2% and iodopovidone-alcohol solutions on bacterial colonization associated with the peripheral venous catheterization in premature infants. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2016-2017 at a neonatal intensive care unit in Qazvin, Iran. Premature infants (N=106) were assigned to the two groups of “A” treated with chlorhexidine 2% or “B” cleaned with iodopovidone-alcohol 10%. Quantitative culture of the catheters was performed 48 hours after insertion. Results: Our findings showed that the frequency of positive catheter tips culture was 6.6% among all the samples (N=7). Out of the seven positive cultures, five (43.9%) belonged to the iodopovidone-alcohol group and two (3.7%) were from the chlorhexidine 2% group. Although a number of the positive cultures in the iodopovidone-alcohol group was higher than the chlorhexidine 2% group, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.21). Conclusion: Results of this study demonstrated that bacterial colony growth may be decreased when using preparatory chlorhexidine 2%, compared with iodopovidone-alcohol at no added risk to infants. We recommend further study in this regard.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13299_ca2724087680aa650c7f2649db2cdae1.pdf
2019-09-01
64
69
10.22038/ijn.2019.35152.1531
Infection
Intensive care
neonate
peripheral venous catheter
Zahra
Tayebi Myaneh
tayebi.medical@gmail.com
1
Student Research Committee, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Safar Ali
Alizadeh
alizadeh120@yahoo.com
2
Microbiology Department, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Akram
Shahrokhi
a.shahrokhi@qums.ac.ir
3
Social Determinants of Health Research Center and Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
AUTHOR
Farnoosh
Rashvand
rashvandifar1361@gmail.com
4
Social Determinants of Health Research Center and Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Legemaat M, Carr PJ, van Rens RM, van Dijk M, Poslawsky IE, van den Hoogen A. Peripheral intravenous cannulation: complication rates in the neonatal population: a multicenter observational study. J Vasc Access. 2016; 17(4):360-5.
1
2. Stocker M, Berger TM. Arterial and central venous catheters in neonates and infants. Anaesthesist. 2006; 55(8):873-82.
2
3. Fuentealba TI, Retamal CA, Ortiz CG, Perez RM. Radiographic assessment of catheters in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Rev Chil Pediatr. 2014; 85(6):724-30.
3
4. Baik-Schneditz N, Pichler G, Schwaberger B, Mileder L, Avian A, Urlesberger B. Peripheral intravenous access in preterm neonates during postnatal stabilization: feasibility and safety. Front Pediatr. 2017; 5:171.
4
5. Ramasethu J. Complications of vascular catheters in the neonatal intensive care unit. Clin Perinatol. 2008; 35(1):199-222.
5
6. Serane T, Kothendaraman B. Incidence and risk factors of infections associated with peripheral intravenous catheters. J Infect Prev. 2016; 17(3): 115-20.
6
7. Safdar N, O'Horo JC, Ghufran A, Bearden A, Didier ME, Chateau D, et al. Chlorhexidine-impregnated dressing for prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2014; 42(7):1703-13.
7
8. O'Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, Dellinger EP, Garland J, Heard SO, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52(9):e162-93.
8
9. Maiwald M, Chan ES. The forgotten role of alcohol: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the clinical efficacy and perceived role of chlorhexidine in skin antisepsis. PloS One. 2012; 7(9):e44277. 10. Takalkar YP, Garale MN, Somasundaram S, Venkataramani K, Gothwal KN, Pandrowala SA. Comparison of efficacy of chlorhexidine alcohol scrub and povidone iodine scrub in hand cleansing in elective clean surgery. Int Surg J. 2016; 3(4):1937-41.
9
11. Art G. Combination povidone-iodine and alcohol formulations more effective, more convenient versus formulations containing either iodine or alcohol alone: a review of the literature. J Infus Nurs. 2005; 28(5):314-20.
10
12. Leikin JB, Paloucek FP. Chlorhexidine: cationic bisbiguanide, membrane active drug in periodontal medicine structure advantages and associated adverse effects, a brief communication. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015; 4(7):370-92.
11
13. Paloucek FP, Leikin JB. Chlorhexidine gluconate, poisoning and toxicology handbook. 4th ed. London: Informa Healthcare; 2008. P. 183-4.
12
14. Garland JS, Buck RK, Maloney P, Durkin DM, TothLloyd S, Duffy M, et al. Comparison of 10% povidone-iodine and 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate for the prevention of peripheral intravenous catheter colonization in neonates: a prospective trial. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1995; 14(6):510-6.
13
15. Van Esch J. Chlorhexidine reduced catheter tip colonisation more than 10% povidone-iodine in critically ill neonates. Evid Based Nurs. 2002; 5(3):73.
14
16. Chapman AK, Aucott SW, Gilmore MM, Advani S, Clarke W, Milstone AM. Absorption and tolerability of aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate used for skin antisepsis prior to catheter insertion in preterm neonates. J Perinatol. 2013; 33(10):768-71.
15
17. Nuntnarumit P, Sangsuksawang N. A randomized controlled trial of 1% aqueous chlorhexidine gluconate compared with 10% povidone-iodine for topical antiseptic in neonates: effects on blood culture contamination rates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2013; 34(4):430-2.
16
18. Milstone AM, Passaretti CL, Perl TM. Chlorhexidine: expanding the armamentarium for infection control and prevention. Clin Infect Dis. 2008; 46(2):274-81.
17
19. Visscher M, deCastro MV, Combs L, Perkins L, Winer J, Schwegman N, et al. Effect of chlorhexidine gluconate on the skin integrity at PICC line sites. J Perinato. 2009; 29(12):802-7.
18
20. Tamma PD, Aucott SW, Milstone AM. Chlorhexidine use in the neonatal intensive care unit: results from a national survey. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010; 31(8):846-9.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Mortality in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: Neonatal mortality rate is an important health index. The present study was conducted to determine the mortality rate and its causes in neonatal intensive care units (NICUS) in Iran. Methods: Online search was done without time limit until June 2018 in several databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), Scopus, Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, SID, Iranian National Library, Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICST), Google Scholar search engine, and Iranian journals. The articles were qualitatively assessed after evaluating the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Cochran's Q test and I2 index were used to determine the heterogeneity between studies. Meta-analysis was done based on a random effects model using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (version 2). Results: Thirty-one eligible studies were analyzed. The mortality rate in 24,995 neonates admitted to NICUs in Iran was estimated to be 11.40% (95% CI: 9.10-14.20). The lowest mortality rate reported as 7.70% (95% CI: 6.01-9.82) was related to the Center of Iran, and the highest mortality rate was reported as 19.26% (95% CI: 15.82-23.24) in the west of Iran. In this regard, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The most common causes of mortality in NICUs in Iran were prematurity (44.14% [95% CI: 31.95-57.08]), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (31.93% [95% CI: 22.83-42.66]), congenital malformation (16.09% [95% CI: 12.85-19.95]), septicemia (12.66% [95% CI: 8.87-17.75]), and asphyxia (7.58% [95% CI: 4.63-12.19]). Conclusion: The most common causes of mortality in Iranian neonates were prematurity, RDS, and congenital anomalies. We also found the mortality rate to be acceptable (11.4%). To reduce the mortality rate, we recommend performing prenatal screening tests and genetic counseling. In addition, maternal care during pregnancy should be improved to reduce premature delivery.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13419_1ede99c27cb63ff2bc98d75400e83579.pdf
2019-09-01
70
80
10.22038/ijn.2019.36647.1566
Intensive Care Unit
Iran
Meta-analysis
Mortality
Neonatal
Parviz
Karimi
dparvizkarimi@gmail.com
1
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
AUTHOR
Leily
Mahmudi
liley.mahmudi@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
AUTHOR
Milad
Azami
milad98azami@gmail.com
3
Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
AUTHOR
Gholamreza
Badfar
gholambadfar352@gmail.com
4
Department of Pediatrics, Behbahan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Behbahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Davazdah ES, Abde YZ, Montazeri M, Bashardoust N. Social factors associated with infants’ mortality. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2001; 3(2):67-72.
1
2. Yu VY. Global, regional and national perinatal and neonatal mortality. J Perinatal Med. 2003; 31(5):376-9.
2
3. Stoll B, Kliegman R. Overview of mortality and morbidity. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB, editor. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2004.
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4. World Health Organization. Make every mother and child count. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
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5. World Health Organization. Neonatal and perinatal mortality: country, regional and global estimates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
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6. Chow S, Chow R, Popovic M, Lam M, Popovic M, Merrick J, et al. A selected review of the mortality rates of neonatal intensive care units. Front Public Health. 2015; 3:225.
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7. Zupancic JA, Richardson DK. Characterization of the triage process in neonatal intensive care. Pediatrics. 1998; 102(6):1432-6.
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8. Kamath BD, Macguire ER, McClure EM, Goldenberg RL, Jobe AH. Neonatal mortality from respiratory distress syndrome: lessons for low-resource countries. Pediatrics. 2011; 127(6):1139-46. 9. Azami M, Jaafari Z, Masoumi M, Shohani M, Badfar G, Mahmudi L, et al. The etiology and prevalence of urinary tract infection and asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in Iran: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. BMC Urology. 2019; 19(1):43.
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10. Azami M, Moslemirad M, YektaKooshali MH, Rahmati S, Soleymani A, Shamloo MBB, et al. Workplace violence against Iranian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Violence and victims. 2018;33(6):1148-75.
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11. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses: the PRISMA Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 151(4):264-9.
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12. Wells G. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analysis. Available at: URL: http://www.ohri. ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology.oxford.Htm; 2004.
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13. Green S. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1. 0. London: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.
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14. Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003; 327(7414):557-60.
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15. Javanmardi Z, Marjan Beigi M, Nouhpisheh E. Investigating about the causes of neonates’ death in the hospitals of Isfahan Province. Sci J Forensic Med. 2010; 4(4):229-33.
14
16. Javanmardi Z, Beigi M, Nouhpisheh E, Memarzadeh M, Radan MR. The reported causes for neonatal death in hospitals of Isfahan province in 2005. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2008; 13(2):87-9.
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17. Zeinalzadeh AH, Khodaei R, Heidarzadeh M, Mirnia K. Causes of neonatal mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit of Taleghani Hospital. Iran J Neonatol. 2017; 8(3):58-61.
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18. Jaberi Z, Gholami-Fesharaki M, Rahmati-Najarkolaei F, Saburi A. Mortality rate of one neonatal intensive care unit in Tehran, Iran. J Clin Neonatol. 2013; 2(1):52.
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43. Ekwochi U, Ndu IK, Nwokoye IC, Ezenwosu OU, Amadi OF, Osuorah DIC. Pattern of morbidity and mortality of newborns admitted into the sick and special care baby unit of Enugu state University Teaching Hospital, Enugu state. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014; 17(3):346-51.
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44. Costa S, Rodrigues M, Centeno MJ, Martins A, Vilan A, Brandão O, et al. Diagnosis and cause of death in a neonatal intensive care unit – How important is autopsy? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2011; 24(5):760-3.
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45. Parappil H, Rahman S, Salama H, Rifai HA, Parambil NK, Ansari WE. Outcomes of 28+1 to 32+0 weeks gestation babies in the state of Qatar: finding facility-based cost effective options for improving the survival of preterm neonates in low income countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010; 7(6):2526-42.
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49. Battin MR, Knight DB, Kuschel CA, Howie RN. Improvement in mortality of very low birthweight infants and the changing pattern of neonatal mortality: The 50-year experience of one perinatal centre. J Paediatr Child Health. 2012; 48(7):596-9.
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50. Lake ET, Staiger D, Horbar J, Cheung R, Kenny MJ, Patrick T, et al. Association between hospital recognition for nursing excellence and outcomes of very low-birth-weight infants. JAMA. 2012; 307(16):1709-16.
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56. Navaei F, Aliabady B, Moghtaderi J, Moghtaderi M, Kelishadi R. Early outcome of preterm infants with birth weight of 1500 g or less and gestational age of 30 weeks or less in Isfahan city, Iran. World J Pediatr. 2010; 6(3):228-32.
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57. Musooko M, Kakaire O, Nakimuli A, Nakubulwa S, Nankunda J, Osinde MO, et al. Incidence and risk factors for early neonatal mortality in newborns with severe perinatal morbidity in Uganda. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2014; 127(2):201-5.
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61
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Development-based Care Programs by Mothers on Growth Indices of Infants with Low Birth Weight
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of development-based care programs by mother on low birth weight (LBW) infants after being discharged from hospital. The present research was based on the assumption that there is a difference between intervention and control groups regarding the mean neonatal growth indices on the 15th and 29th days. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 infants with LBW (1,500-2,500 g) and gestational age of < 37 weeks in Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. The study population was selected through convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into two groups of intervention (n=30) and control (n=30). In the intervention group, the mothers received developmental care training, and in the control group, the mothers received routine care. The data collection instrument were questionnaires, tape meter, stadiometer, and baby scale. The height, weight, and head circumference indices were measured and recorded on the 1st, 15th, and 29th days of birth. Results: The repeated measures ANOVA in within-group analysis revealed a significant difference in the mean weight and height indices of the infants between the intervention and control groups on the 1st, 15th, and 29th days of birth (P<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean head circumference (P<0.05). Also, the Bonferroni post-hoc test showed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the weight index on the 29th day (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the intervention could significantly increase the weight index in the infants. Given that some developmental care techniques are low-cost and executable by mothers, and LWB infants are at risk for various disabilities in the future, health managers are advised to utilize this technique to improve the quality of life in these infants.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13365_031649bb47d1844fd95f356e988c281a.pdf
2019-09-01
81
87
10.22038/ijn.2019.35195.1532
Low birth weight
Growth
Newborn
Sara
Asadian
saraasadian2465@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Sedigheh
Talakub
talakoub@gmail.com
2
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Alireza
Sadeghnia
asadeghnia@gmail.com
3
Department of Pediatrics, Neonatology Specialist, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehri
Golchin
megolchin@yahoo.com
4
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. World Health Organization. Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Low birth weight policy brief. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014.
1
2. Kim D, Saada A. The social determinants of infant mortality and birth outcomes in Western developed nations: a cross-country systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013;10(6):2296-335.
2
3. Muglia LJ, Katz M. The enigma of spontaneous preterm birth. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010; 362(6):529-35.
3
4. Muglia L, Katz M. The enigma of spontaneous preterm birth. Obstetric Anesthesia Digest. 2011; 31(2):75-6.
4
5. Roudbari M, Yaghmaei M, Soheili M. Prevalence and risk factors of low-birth-weight infants in Zahedan, Islamic Republic of Iran. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2007; 13(4):838-45.
5
6. Zarbakhsh Bhari MR, Hoseinian S, Afrooz G, Hooman HA. Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and Comparison of Many Biological characteristics of Low Birth Weight– newborns, mothers with those of normal weight- newborns’counterparts. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 21(81):37-44.
6
7. Daliri S, Karimi A, Sayehmiri K, Bazyar J, Sayehmiri F. Relationship between some maternal and neonatal factors during previous pregnancies and low birth weight in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility. 2016; 19(31):23-32.
7
8. UNICEF. Progress for children: a world fit for children statistical review: New York: Unicef; 2007. 9. Sajedi F, Zahrani ST. Developmental care from theory to action. Advances in Nursing & Midwifery. 2015; 24(84):71-7.
8
10. Soleimani F, Nayeri F, Mohammadi Shahboulaghi F, Shariat M, Dalili H. Neonatal sub-specialty graduates’ perceived experiences of developmental care: Content analysis. The Journal of Medical Education and Development. 2017; 11(3):273-85.
9
11. Sizun J, Westrup B. Early developmental care for preterm neonates: a call for more research. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2004; 89(5):F384-F8.
10
12. Godarzi Z, Rahimi O, Khalesi N, Soleimani F, Mohammadi N, Shamshiri AR. The rate of developmental care delivery in neonatal intensive care unit. Journal of Critical Care Nursing. 2015; 8(2):117-24.
11
13. Hendricks-Munoz KD, Prendergast CC. Barriers to provision of developmental care in the neonatal intensive care unit: neonatal nursing perceptions. American Journal Of Perinatology. 2007; 25(02): 071-7.
12
14. Wu C-L. A pilot survey of Nurses' Attitudes and Practice of Developmentally Supportive care in NICUs in Taiwan: Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan; 2014.
13
15. Hamilton K, Redshaw M. Developmental care in the UK: a developing initiative. Acta Paediatrica. 2009; 98(11):1738-43.
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16. Mosqueda R, Castilla Y, Perapoch J, Lora D, LópezMaestro M, Pallás C. Necessary resources and barriers perceived by professionals in the implementation of the NIDCAP. Early human development. 2013; 89(9):649-53.
15
17. Karakoç Tari A, Çiğdem Z. To compare traditional and developmental care methods that are applied during the transition phase of feeding with bottle at preterm infant. Maltepe Univ Hem Bilim Sanatı Dergisi. 2008; 1(2):3-13 .
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18. Brown LD, Heermann JA. The effect of developmental care on preterm infant outcome. Applied Nursing Research. 1997; 10(4):190-7.
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19. Golchin M, Rafati P, Taheri P, Nahavandinejad S. Effect of deep massage on increasing body weight in low birth weight infants. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 14 (1): 46-50.
18
20. Chen C-H, Wang T-M, Chi C-S. Individualized developmental care in the newborn intensive care unit. Acta paediatrica Taiwanica- Taiwan er ke yi xue hui za zhi. 2000; 41(3):119-22.
19
21. Peters KL, Rosychuk RJ, Hendson L, Coté JJ, McPherson C, Tyebkhan JM. Improvement of shortand long-term outcomes for very low birth weight infants: Edmonton NIDCAP trial. Pediatrics. 2009; 124(4):1009-20.
20
22. Gonya J, Martin E, McClead R, Nelin L, Shepherd E. Empowerment programme for parents of extremely premature infants significantly reduced length of stay and readmission rates. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2014; 103(7):727-31.
21
23. McAnulty G, Duffy FH, Butler S, Parad R, Ringer S, Zurakowski D, et al. Individualized developmental care for a large sample of very preterm infants: health, neurobehaviour and neurophysiology. Acta paediatr (Oslo, Norway : 1992). 2009; 98(12):1920-6.
22
24. Melnyk BM, Feinstein NF, Alpert-Gillis L, Fairbanks E, Crean HF, Sinkin RA, et al. Reducing premature infants' length of stay and improving parents' mental health outcomes with the Creating Opportunities for Parent Empowerment (COPE) neonatal intensive care unit program: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2006; 118(5):e1414-27.
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25. Als H, Lawhon G, Duffy FH, McAnulty GB, GibesGrossman R, Blickman JG. Individualized developmental care for the very low-birth-weight preterm infant. Medical and neurofunctional effects. JAMA. 1994; 272(11):853-8.
24
26. Maguire CM, Veen S, Sprij AJ, Le Cessie S, Wit JM, Walther FJ. Effects of basic developmental care on neonatal morbidity, neuromotor development, and growth at term age of infants who were born at<32 weeks. Pediatrics. 2008; 121(2):e239-45.
25
27. Özdemir Fk, Güdücü Tüfekci F. The effect of individualised developmental care practices on the growth and hospitalisation duration of premature infants: the effect of mother's scent and flexion position. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2014; 23(21- 22):3036-44.
26
28. Arzani A, Mohammadkhan KS, ZAHED PY. Role of discharge planning for mothers on growth and developmental indicators in LBW newborns. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2005; 7(4):58-63.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Relationship between Structural and Intermediate Social Determinants of Health and Low Birth Weight: A Path Analysis
Background: Low birth weight is one of the most important health indicators for assessing the status of newborns in every country. It is, therefore, necessary to identify factors associated with this adverse pregnancy outcome. This study was conducted to determine predicting factors associated with low birth weight using path analysis. Methods: This prospective study was performed on 719 eligible pregnant women with a gestational age of 24-28 weeks who visited the health centers in Ilam, Iran. The participants were selected through stratified cluster sampling. The data were collected using relevant scales and analyzed using SPSS software (version 19.0) and LISREL (version 8.8). Results: The incidence rate of low birth weight was obtained at 7.5%. The risk scores of low birth weight were 2.7, 2.5, 3.3, 1.8, and 2.8 times higher in the participants with stress, anxiety, depression, domestic violence, and food insecurity, respectively, compared to those without the mentioned conditions. The goodness of fit index confirmed the favorable fit of the model. The most influential direct determinants of birth weight were the number of prenatal visits (β=0.19) and mother’s body mass index (β=0.02). The most important direct determinant of birth weight was stress in this study (β=-58.006). Conclusion: The etiology of low birth weight is complex and may involve demographic characteristics, as well as nutrition, reproductive, and socioeconomic factors. Given that prenatal care and psychological and nutritional factors are the major determinants, it is essential to take fundamental steps, including the improvement of living standards and nutritional status in pregnant women, more regular prenatal care visits, and pre-conception counseling.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13366_f67d70cee171a64ece1c7db48c46c266.pdf
2019-09-01
88
96
10.22038/ijn.2019.35295.1534
Food insecurity
Intermediate determinants
Low birth weight
Pregnancy outcome
Psychological factors
Structural determinants
Zohreh
Mahmoodi
zohrehmahmoodi2011@gmail.com
1
Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Nasibeh
Sharifi
nasibe.sharifi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mahrokh
Dolatian
mhdolatian@gmail.com
3
Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Nazanin
Rezaei
nazaninrezaei37@gmail.com
4
Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Muthayya S. Maternal nutrition & low birth weightwhat is really important. Indian J Med Res. 2009; 130(5):600-8.
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3. Lee AC, Katz J, Blencowe H, Cousens S, Kozuki N, Vogel JP, et al. National and regional estimates of term and preterm babies born small for gestational age in 138 low-income and middle-income countries in 2010. Lancet Global Health. 2013; 1(1):e26-36.
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29. Kramer MS, Goulet L, Lydon J, Séguin L, McNamara H, Dassa C, et al. Socio‐economic disparities in preterm birth: causal pathways and mechanisms. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001; 15(Suppl 2):104-23.
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30. Yadegari L, Dolatian M, Mahmoodi Z, Shahsavari S, Sharifi N. The relationship between socioeconomic factors and food security in pregnant women. Shiraz E Med J. 2017; 18(1):e41483. 31. Divney AA, Sipsma H, Gordon D, Niccolai L, Magriples U, Kershaw T. Depression during pregnancy among young couples: the effect of personal and partner experiences of stressors and the buffering effects of social relationships. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2012; 25(3):201-7.
29
32. Coussons-Read ME, Okun ML, Nettles CD. Psychosocial stress increases inflammatory markers and alters cytokine production across pregnancy. Brain Behav Immun. 2007; 21(3):343-50.
30
33. Rondo PH, Ferreira RF, Nogueira F, Ribeiro MC, Lobert H, Artes R. Maternal psychological stress and distress as predictors of low birth weight, prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57(2):266-72.
31
34. Dominguez TP, Schetter CD, Mancuso R, Rini CM, Hobel C. Stress in African American pregnancies: testing the roles of various stress concepts in prediction of birth outcomes. Ann Behav Med. 2005; 29(1):12-21.
32
35. Witt WP, Litzelman K, Cheng ER, Wakeel F, Barker ES. Measuring stress before and during pregnancy: a review of population-based studies of obstetric outcomes. Matern Child Health J. 2014; 18(1):52-63.
33
36. Borders AE, Grobman WA, Amsden LB, Holl JL. Chronic stress and low birth weight neonates in a low-income population of women and birth. Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 109(2 Pt 1):331-8.
34
37. Laraia BA, Siega-Riz AM, Gundersen C. Household food insecurity is associated with self-reported pregravid weight status, gestational weight gain, and pregnancy complications. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; 110(5):692-701.
35
38. Hetherington E, Doktorchik C, Premji SS, McDonald SW, Tough SC, Sauve RS. Preterm birth and social support during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2015; 29(6):523-35.
36
39. Rosen D, Seng JS, Tolman RM, Mallinger G. Intimate partner violence, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder as additional predictors of low birth weight infants among low-income mothers. J Interpers Violence. 2007; 22(10):1305-14.
37
40. Mozayeni M, Dorosty-Motlagh AR, Eshraghian MR, Davaei M. Relationship between food sequrity and stress in pregnant mothers and low birth weight infant in child birth conducted in 2020 in tehran akbar abadi hospital. Int J Curr Life Sci. 2014; 4(6):2915-21.
38
41. Brown SJ, Yelland JS, Sutherland GA, Baghurst PA, Robinson JS. Stressful life events, social health issues and low birthweight in an Australian populationbased birth cohort: challenges and opportunities in antenatal care. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11(1):196.
39
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Importance of Examining Congenital Hypothyroidism in Connection with Congenital Heart Disease: Letter to Editor
Dear Editor-in-Chief: I read and enjoyed your stylish article, "Frequency of Congenital Cardiac Malformations in Neonates with Congenital Hypothyroidism", in relation to heart disease with hypothyroidism. As we know, one of the most commonly associated congenital hypothyroidism disorders is congenital heart disease, which has a significant effect on the recovery of patients suffering from these disorders. On the other hand, both of these cases are visible and consistent in patients with Down syndrome. Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal abnormality among live-born infants, which usually has certain characteristic signs, including a variety of dysmorphic features, such as flat facial features, small head and ears, short neck, and congenital malformations, the most important of which are congenital heart diseases and other health problems and medical conditions. In what follows, we will study the diagnosis and treatment of an infant with Down syndrome undergoing surgery due to congenital heart disease, whose late detection of hypothyroidism led to lack of proper response to heart failure correction.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13418_1bcf04611188f75ec00ba46d829cdbce.pdf
2019-09-01
97
98
10.22038/ijn.2019.35852.1549
congenital heart disease
heart failure
Hypothyroidism
treatment-resistant
Forod
Salehi
salehiforod@gmail.com
1
Department of Pediatrics, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Atefe
Ziaee
atefez968@gmail.com
2
Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Arvin
Mirshahi
mirshahiarvin13750@gmail.com
3
Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Razavi Z, Yavarikia A, Torabian S. Congenital anomalies in infant with congenital hypothyroidism. Oman Med J. 2012; 27(5):364-7.
1
2. Jaruratanasirikul S, Limpitikul W, Dissaneevate P, Booncharoen P, Tantichantakarun P. Comorbidities in Down syndrome livebirths and health care intervention: an initial experience from the birth defects registry in Southern Thailand. World J Pediatr. 2017; 13(2):152-7.
2
3. El-Gilany AH, Yahia S, Wahba Y. Prevalence of congenital heart diseases in children with Down syndrome in Mansoura, Egypt: a retrospective descriptive study. Ann Saudi Med. 2017; 37(5):386-92.
3
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pericardial Effusion in an Extreme Low Birth Weight Neonate with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
Background: Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade are the rare complications of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC insertion) in extreme low birth weight infants. In this regard, paying attention to these complications is of utmost importance, because they can result in infant death. Case report: The case of our infant is a sample of these complications. On the 39th day of the birth of the infant, the muffled sounds of heart and pathological murmurs in heart auscultation raised the doubt of a problem in infant’s heart. Conclusion: In this regard, echocardiography was performed. The report was massive pericardial effusion impending tamponade. After pericardiocentesis for saving infant’s life, diagnostic evaluations were performed, and PICC insertion was proved as the cause of these complications. Although these complications are usually diagnosed with symptoms like bradycardia, hypotension, and drop in saturation or cardiac arrest, the first step of diagnosis in our infant was abnormal heart examination. Therefore, it is essential that all neonatologists pay attention to heart examination of infants with PICC along with other symptoms such as bradycardia, hypotension, and drop in saturation or cardiac arrest to avoid occurring pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade as rare complications of PICC insertion. They should consider pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade as the fatal complications of PICC insertion in extremely low birth weight infants with PICC.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13775_0697cf85affbccc0dba7fbeb2c29d187.pdf
2019-09-01
99
102
10.22038/ijn.2019.36178.1556
Cardiac Tamponade
Extremely low birth weight infant
Pericardial Effusion
PICC insertion
Mohammad
Soleimani
mohammad.sly72@yahoo.com
1
Department of Pediatrics, Beheshti Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Zohreh
Badiee
badiei@med.mui.ac.ir
2
professor of pedatrics, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan,Iran
AUTHOR
Razieh
Goudarzi
dr.goudarzi1984@gmail.com
3
Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Safdar N, Maki DG. Risk of catheter-related bloodstream infection with peripherally inserted central venous catheters used in hospitalized patients. Chest. 2005; 128(2):489-95.
1
2. Burns KE, McLaren A. Catheter-related right atrial thrombus and pulmonary embolism: a case report and systematic review of the literature. Can Respir J. 2009; 16(5):163-5.
2
3. Elsharkawy H, Lewis BS, Steiger E, Farag E. Post placement positional atrial fibrillation and peripherally inserted central catheters. Minerva Anestesiol. 2009; 75(7):471-4.
3
4. Links DJ, Crowe PJ. Horner's syndrome after placement of a peripherally inserted central catheter. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2006; 30(5):451-2.
4
5. Konjević S, Djukić D, Stanimirović B, Blagojević A, Bobić V, Banja B. Peripherally inserted central catheter complications in neonates–our experiences. Signa Vitae. 2015; 10(Suppl 1):16-9.
5
6. Ohki Y, Yoshizawa Y, Watanabe M, Kuwashima M, Morikawa A. Complications of percutaneously inserted central venous catheters in Japanese neonates. Pediatr Int. 2008; 50(5):636-9.
6
7. Darling JC, Newell SJ, Mohamdee O, Uzun O, Cullinane CJ, Dear PR. Central venous catheter tip in the right atrium: a risk factor for neonatal cardiac tamponade. J Perinatol. 2001; 21(7):461-4.
7
8. Beardsall K, White DK, Pinto EM, Kelsall AW. Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade as complications of neonatal long lines: are they really a problem? Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2003; 88(4):F292-5.
8
9. Camara D. Minimizing risks associated with peripherally inserted central catheters in the NICU. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2001; 26(1):17-21.
9
10. Kabra NS, Kluckow MR. Survival after an acute pericardial tamponade as a result of percutaneously inserted central venous catheter in a preterm neonate. Indian J Pediatr. 2001; 68(7):677-80.
10
11. Nadroo AM, Lin J, Green RS, Magid MS, Holzman IR. Death as a complication of peripherally inserted central catheters in neonates. J Pediatr. 2001; 138(4):599-601.
11
12. Yoder D. Cardiac perforation and tamponade: the deadly duo of central venous catheters. Int J Trauma Nurs. 2001; 7(3):108-12.
12
13. Nowlen TT, Rosenthal GL, Johnson GL, Tom DJ, Vargo TA. Pericardial effusion and tamponade in infants with central catheters. Pediatrics. 2002; 110(1):137-42.
13
14. Warren M, Thompson KS, Popek EJ, Vogel H, Hicks J. Pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in neonates: sudden unexpected death associated with total parenteral nutrition via central venous catheterization. Ann Clin Lab Sci. 2013; 43(2):163-71.
14
15. Bayram N, Düzgöl M, Kara A, Özdemir FM, Devrim İ. Linezolid-related adverse effects in clinical practice in children. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2017; 115(5):470-5.
15
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Association of Dandy-Walker Malformation and Neurocutaneous Melanosis in a Newborn: A Case Report
Background: This case report presents a very rare Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) in association with a sporadic condition characterized by congenital melanocytic nevi and melanocytic thickening of the leptomeninges called Neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM). The DWM is a rare congenital disorder characterized by enlarged posterior fossa and a cystic enlargement of the fourth ventricle with cerebellar vermis dysgenesis. This association is a very rare complex, and this is another rare case to be reported in the literature. Case report: A full-term newborn was presented with tachypnea at birth whose hydrocephalous was reported prenatally. The magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid immunohistochemistry confirmed leptomeningeal melanosis. After documenting findings by skin biopsy, we decided to report this case. Diagnosis and treatment for such disease entity are discussed in this report. Conclusion: Even without malignant transformation, the prognosis is poor after symptomatic progression of the NCM resulting from either mass effect in the central nervous system or hydrocephalus. We reported this case in order to increase the knowledge of pediatric physicians to diagnose this combined situation.
https://ijn.mums.ac.ir/article_13776_74b73d7678f3fd4f88fd50d0959fb1e0.pdf
2019-09-01
103
107
10.22038/ijn.2019.41396.1679
Dandy-Walker Malformation
Neurocutaneous melanosis
Newborn
Azamolmolouk
Elsagh
a_elsagh@abzums.ac.ir
1
Faculty of Nursing, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali Reza
Jashni Motlagh
aj_motlagh@yahoo.com
2
Kamali Clinical Research and Developmental Unit, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Bokhari I, Rehman L, Hassan S, Hashim MS. DandyWalker malformation: a clinical and surgical outcome analysis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2015; 25(6):431-3.
1
2. Swar MO, Mahgoub SM, Yassin RO, Osman AM. Dandy-Walker malformation and neurocutaneous melanosis in a three-month-old infant. Sudanese J Paediatr. 2013; 13(2):61.
2
3. Rohanachandra YM, Dahanayake DM, Wijetunge S. Dandy-Walker malformation presenting with psychological manifestations. Case Rep Psychiatry. 2016; 2016:9104306.
3
4. Cho IY, Hwang SK, Kim SH. Dandy-walker malformation associated with neurocutaneous melanosis. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011; 50(5):475.
4
5. Abdulabbas AM, Zghair MA, Al-Khayat RH. Disorders of the cerebellum in children, MRI–clinical correlation. Iraqi Acad Sci J. 2016; 15(1):13-8.
5
6. Al-Turkistani HK. Dandy–Walker syndrome. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2014; 9(3):209-12.
6
7. Vundinti BR, Kerketta L, Korgaonkar S, Ghosh K. Dandy-Walker malformations in a case of partial trisomy 9p (p12. 1→ pter) due to maternal translocation t(9; 12)(p12. 1; p13. 3). Indian J Hum Genet. 2007; 13(1):33.
7
8. Mallikarjun K, Vatsala V, Bhayya DP. Dandy-Walker syndrome-a rare case report. J Adv Oral Res. 2010; 1(1):67-70.
8
9. Scattolin MA, Lin J, Peruchi MM, Rocha AJ, Masruha MR, Vilanova LC. Neurocutaneous melanosis: followup and literature review. J Neuroradiol. 2011; 38(5):313-8.
9
10. Jalali A, Aldinger KA, Chary A, Mclone DG, Bowman RM, Le LC, et al. Linkage to chromosome 2q36. 1 in autosomal dominant Dandy-Walker malformation with occipital cephalocele and evidence for genetic heterogeneity. Hum Genet. 2008; 123(3):237-45.
10
11. Zhang W, Simos P, Ishibashi H. 2.7 Neurocutaneous melanosis. Neurocutaneous Disord Clin Diagn Ther Appr. 2016; 14:142.
11
12. Shooshtari S, Stoesz BM, Rad P, Khoeiniha S. Epidemiology of cerebellar disorders. Development of the cerebellum from molecular aspects to diseases. Cham: Springer; 2017. P. 423-63.
12
13. Steiner JE, McCoy GN, Hess CP, Dobyns WB, Metry DW, Drolet BA, et al. Structural malformations of the brain, eye, and pituitary gland in PHACE syndrome. Am J Med Genet Part A. 2018; 176(1):48-55.
13
14. Samat HB, Flores-Samat L. Embryology of the neural crest: its inductive role in the neurocutaneous syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2005; 20(8):637-43.
14
15. Kadonaga JN, Frieden IJ. Neurocutaneous melanosis: definition and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991; 24(5):747-55.
15
16. Ramaswamy V, Delaney H, Haque S, Marghoob A, Khakoo Y. Spectrum of central nervous system abnormalities in neurocutaneous melanocytosis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012; 54(6):563-8.
16
17. Moreira BL, Grunewald T, Côrtes AA, Marussi VH, Amaral LL. Neurocutaneous melanosis. Radiol Brasil. 2016; 49(6):412-3. Moreira, B. L., Grunewald, T., Côrtes, A. A., Marussi, V. H., & do Amaral, L. L. (2016). Neurocutaneous melanosis. Radiologia brasileira, 49(6), 412–413. doi:10.1590/0100- 3984.2015.0128 .
17
18. Linares AR, Moya AS, Felix V, Campos Y. Congenital melanocytic nevus syndrome: a case series. Actas Dermo Sifiliográficas. 2017; 108(9):e57-62.Linares, A. R., Moya, A.Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas (English Edition)108.
18
19. D'Argenio A, David P, Engohan C, Hennequin Y, Balériaux D, Jissendi P. Neurocutaneous melanosis in a newborn with giant congenital melanocytic nevus. J Neuroradiol. 2007; 34(4):272-5. 20. Berker M, Oruckaptan HH, Oge HK, Benli K. Neurocutaneous melanosis associated with DandyWalker malformation. Pediatr Neurosurg. 2000; 33(5):270-3.
19
21. Jakchairoongruang K, Khakoo Y, Beckwith M, Barkovich AJ. New insights into neurocutaneous melanosis. Pediatr Radiol. 2018; 48(12):1786-96.
20
22. Chen YA, Woodley-Cook J, Sgro M, Bharatha A. Sonographic and magnetic resonance imaging findings of neurocutaneous melanosis. Radiol Case Rep. 2016; 11(1):29-32.
21
23. Bhatt TA, Daghriri A, Shakweer WA. Neurocutaneous melanosis with pulmonary metastasis: looking beyond the skin. J Dermat Cosmetol. 2019; 3(2):42-4.
22
24. Sharouf F, Zaben M, Lammie A, Leach P, Bhatti MI. Neurocutaneous melanosis presenting with hydrocephalus and malignant transformation: casebased update. Child Nervous Syst. 2018; 34(8): 1471-7.
23
25. Sung KS, Song YJ. Neurocutaneous melanosis in association with Dandy-Walker complex with extensive intracerebral and spinal cord involvement. J Korean Neurosur Soc. 2014; 56(1):61.
24
26. Parisia MA, Dobyns WB. Human malformations of the midbrain and hindbrain: review and proposed classification scheme. Mol Genet Metab. 2003; 80(1- 2):36-53.
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27. Bittencourt FV, Marghoob AA, Kopf AW, Koenig KL, Bart RS. Large congenital melanocytic nevi and the risk for development of malignant melanoma and neurocutaneous melanocytosis. Pediatrics. 2000; 106(4):736-41.
26
28. Chang TW, Hsieh PC, Liu ZH, Tu PH. Adult-onset neurocutaneous melanosis with Dandy–Walker malformation. Formosan J Surg. 2018; 51(3):118.
27
29. Mena‐Cedillos CA, Valencia‐Herrera AM, Arroyo‐ Pineda AI, Salgado‐Jiménez MA, Espinoza‐Montero R, Martínez‐Avalos AB, et al. Neurocutaneous melanosis in association with the Dandy–Walker complex, complicated by melanoma: report of a case and literature review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2002; 19(3):237-42.
28